Patterns of Health Services and Medicine Utilisation by First-Generation Pakistani Immigrants in New Zealand

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Health Expectations Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI:10.1111/hex.70169

Noor A. Mann, Zain A. Khan, Saima Asghar, Afshan Rani, Nadia Hussain, Sumera S. Akhtar, Susan Heydon, Mudassir Anwar

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Abstract

Introduction

The health-seeking patterns of the increasing Pakistani migrant population in New Zealand (NZ) is a subject of limited research in current literature. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate and understand the patterns of health services utilisation and medicine usage among first-generation Pakistani immigrants in NZ.

Methods

Convenience and snowball sampling using social media platforms were used to conduct eleven semi-structured interviews consisting of two participants per interview. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed iteratively using an inductive thematic approach.

Results

Self-medication emerged as a common practice by the majority of the participants and this practice stemmed from personal experiences, existing knowledge, and personal and cultural beliefs. However, participants had limited knowledge of the NZ health system and community pharmacy services and this led to conflicting expectations and outcomes. These factors serve as barriers to healthcare access for Pakistani immigrants and can result in adverse health outcomes and higher rates of dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

This study highlights the healthcare challenges and behaviours of Pakistani immigrants in NZ, emphasising their reliance on traditional remedies and self-medication. While appreciating the quality of NZ's healthcare, participants faced barriers like cost and lack of awareness of pharmacy services. The findings call for culturally tailored strategies to improve accessibility and healthcare experiences for immigrants.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two individuals from the Pakistani community, not part of the study, contributed to the design by offering feedback and pilot testing the interview guide. Based on their input, adjustments were made to enhance the clarity of the questions from a patient's or public viewpoint. No new questions were proposed as a result of this feedback.

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新西兰第一代巴基斯坦移民的卫生服务和药物利用模式。

简介：在新西兰（NZ）不断增加的巴基斯坦移民人口的求医模式是目前文献中有限的研究课题。因此，本研究旨在调查和了解第一代巴基斯坦移民在新西兰的卫生服务利用和药物使用模式。方法：采用社交媒体平台的便利抽样和滚雪球抽样法，进行11次半结构化访谈，每次访谈2人。采访录音并逐字记录下来。使用归纳专题方法对数据进行迭代分析。结果：自我药疗成为大多数参与者的一种普遍做法，这种做法源于个人经历、现有知识以及个人和文化信仰。然而，参与者对新西兰卫生系统和社区药房服务的了解有限，这导致了相互矛盾的期望和结果。这些因素成为巴基斯坦移民获得医疗保健的障碍，并可能导致不良的健康结果和更高的不满意率。结论：本研究突出了新西兰巴基斯坦移民的医疗保健挑战和行为，强调了他们对传统疗法和自我药疗的依赖。在欣赏新西兰医疗保健质量的同时，参与者面临着成本和缺乏对药房服务意识等障碍。研究结果呼吁制定适合文化的战略，以改善移民的可及性和医疗保健体验。患者或公众贡献：来自巴基斯坦社区的两个人，不是研究的一部分，通过提供反馈和试点测试访谈指南，为设计做出了贡献。根据他们的意见，从患者或公众的角度进行了调整，以提高问题的清晰度。由于这一反馈，没有提出新的问题。

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来源期刊

Health Expectations 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

9.40%

发文量

251

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Health Expectations promotes critical thinking and informed debate about all aspects of patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in health and social care, health policy and health services research including: • Person-centred care and quality improvement • Patients'' participation in decisions about disease prevention and management • Public perceptions of health services • Citizen involvement in health care policy making and priority-setting • Methods for monitoring and evaluating participation • Empowerment and consumerism • Patients'' role in safety and quality • Patient and public role in health services research • Co-production (researchers working with patients and the public) of research, health care and policy Health Expectations is a quarterly, peer-reviewed journal publishing original research, review articles and critical commentaries. It includes papers which clarify concepts, develop theories, and critically analyse and evaluate specific policies and practices. The Journal provides an inter-disciplinary and international forum in which researchers (including PPIE researchers) from a range of backgrounds and expertise can present their work to other researchers, policy-makers, health care professionals, managers, patients and consumer advocates.