Coralie Wales, Penny Abbott, Jackie Street, Lauren Fawcett, Maree Jennings, Wendy Sharp, Philip Lee
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Publicly funded regional primary health care investments are usually informed by analysis of locally collected data, surveys, focus groups and consultations. We wanted a deeper understanding of baseline health and social care priorities in culturally diverse Western Sydney. If WentWest could understand the priorities, the operational agenda for commissioning services could be tailored around them. This research describes the organisation, conduct and recommendations of a citizens' jury in 2023.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Thematic analysis of the transcribed facilitated discussions identified the well-informed priorities of a diverse and representative group of Western Sydney citizens. Listening to internal and external advisory groups delivered communication pathways, expert presenters, handbook preparation and practical support for the jury event. Consistent with the principle that research about the community should include the community, four consumer advisors were colleagues in the research team.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The jury supported a focus on prevention, including early intervention to keep children thriving and connected at school, and better cross-sectoral bonds via coalitions to enable social care to be linked to health care. Team-based care in general practice for proactive data use and building a culture for relationship-based care, developing a patient-centred workforce through incentivising students and expediting registration of overseas trained health workers were recommended. Assets-based community development was seen as an essential approach in linking the community with these recommendations.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The use of citizens' juries in primary health settings is rare. In this culturally diverse community, WentWest now has a foundational understanding of what investments will deliver and has committed to institutionalising this deliberative approach into a permanent citizens assembly.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Patient and Public Contribution</h3> <p>The design of the jury was guided by several advisory groups across the local region. The research team included four consumer advisors to provide overarching feedback and external insights. The jurors were selected to be representative of the regional community. They developed the recommendations reported in this article.</p> </section>
{"title":"Setting Primary Health and Social Care Priorities Using a Deliberative Democratic Participatory Approach","authors":"Coralie Wales, Penny Abbott, Jackie Street, Lauren Fawcett, Maree Jennings, Wendy Sharp, Philip Lee","doi":"10.1111/hex.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Publicly funded regional primary health care investments are usually informed by analysis of locally collected data, surveys, focus groups and consultations. We wanted a deeper understanding of baseline health and social care priorities in culturally diverse Western Sydney. If WentWest could understand the priorities, the operational agenda for commissioning services could be tailored around them. This research describes the organisation, conduct and recommendations of a citizens' jury in 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thematic analysis of the transcribed facilitated discussions identified the well-informed priorities of a diverse and representative group of Western Sydney citizens. Listening to internal and external advisory groups delivered communication pathways, expert presenters, handbook preparation and practical support for the jury event. Consistent with the principle that research about the community should include the community, four consumer advisors were colleagues in the research team.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The jury supported a focus on prevention, including early intervention to keep children thriving and connected at school, and better cross-sectoral bonds via coalitions to enable social care to be linked to health care. Team-based care in general practice for proactive data use and building a culture for relationship-based care, developing a patient-centred workforce through incentivising students and expediting registration of overseas trained health workers were recommended. Assets-based community development was seen as an essential approach in linking the community with these recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of citizens' juries in primary health settings is rare. In this culturally diverse community, WentWest now has a foundational understanding of what investments will deliver and has committed to institutionalising this deliberative approach into a permanent citizens assembly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient and Public Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The design of the jury was guided by several advisory groups across the local region. The research team included four consumer advisors to provide overarching feedback and external insights. The jurors were selected to be representative of the regional community. They developed the recommendations reported in this article.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeria Gabellone, Fabiana Nuccetelli, Elisa Gabrielli, Leonardo Ascatigno, Pier Luigi Lopalco, Rosa Prato
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>The introduction of screening tests for Sars-CoV-2 has been an extraordinary prevention and control tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, pandemic control interventions, including screening and vaccine mandates, induced refusal reactions in many people. To date, little information is available on the levels of acceptance of screening practices by the young population in school settings.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>The objective of this work is to survey students' attitudes, behaviours and emotions towards Covid-19 screening tests by the means of a participatory research method, the World Café (WC).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>Between March and May 2023, three WC sessions were conducted in three high schools, with 70 students enrolled on a voluntary basis. As per standard procedure, a moderator was assigned at each table to facilitate dialogue and the WCs were recorded, transcribed and imported into ATLAS.ti software for qualitative analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The analysis showed that the themes most reported during the WCs were those regarding the emotional domain, particularly feelings of distress, anxiety, fear, frustration, inadequacy and loneliness.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Discussion</h3> <p>Although the themes ‘Emotions/thoughts’ appear to be the most prominent among students, also ‘Public health policies’ constitutes a predominant theme group. Finally, the theme ‘Communication’ sparked lively debate, being the fourth most discussed topic.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The many insights from the WC analysis, when properly reframed, bring out useful elements for taking actions during prevention campaigns. Institutions and schools should focus on disseminating clear and targeted messages to help fight misinformation and distrust. Moreover, such evidence suggests that the World Café method proves to be useful and effective for exploring the emotional sphere of adolescents and analysing their thoughts, attitudes and knowledge.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Patient or Public Contribution</h3> <p>The research team collaborated with the school personnel to set up the right setting for running the Worl
{"title":"The World Café as a Tool for Evaluating the Level of Acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 Screening in School Settings, Puglia Region, Italy, 2023","authors":"Valeria Gabellone, Fabiana Nuccetelli, Elisa Gabrielli, Leonardo Ascatigno, Pier Luigi Lopalco, Rosa Prato","doi":"10.1111/hex.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduction of screening tests for Sars-CoV-2 has been an extraordinary prevention and control tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, pandemic control interventions, including screening and vaccine mandates, induced refusal reactions in many people. To date, little information is available on the levels of acceptance of screening practices by the young population in school settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this work is to survey students' attitudes, behaviours and emotions towards Covid-19 screening tests by the means of a participatory research method, the World Café (WC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between March and May 2023, three WC sessions were conducted in three high schools, with 70 students enrolled on a voluntary basis. As per standard procedure, a moderator was assigned at each table to facilitate dialogue and the WCs were recorded, transcribed and imported into ATLAS.ti software for qualitative analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis showed that the themes most reported during the WCs were those regarding the emotional domain, particularly feelings of distress, anxiety, fear, frustration, inadequacy and loneliness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the themes ‘Emotions/thoughts’ appear to be the most prominent among students, also ‘Public health policies’ constitutes a predominant theme group. Finally, the theme ‘Communication’ sparked lively debate, being the fourth most discussed topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The many insights from the WC analysis, when properly reframed, bring out useful elements for taking actions during prevention campaigns. Institutions and schools should focus on disseminating clear and targeted messages to help fight misinformation and distrust. Moreover, such evidence suggests that the World Café method proves to be useful and effective for exploring the emotional sphere of adolescents and analysing their thoughts, attitudes and knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient or Public Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research team collaborated with the school personnel to set up the right setting for running the Worl","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Simes, Stephen Butler, Elizabeth Allison, Barbara Barrett, Anthony Bateman, Angus Cameron, Mike Crawford, Alison Frater, Zoe Hoare, Mary McMurran, Paul Moran, Stephen Pilling, James Wason, Jessica Yakeley, Peter Fonagy
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Methodological and ethical arguments support the involvement of individuals with lived experience in research to reduce engagement barriers and ensure those directly affected by studies contribute to knowledge generation. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of including researchers with lived experience of serving a prison or community sentence in clinical trials. This qualitative study aimed to explore the value of involving researchers with lived experience of the criminal justice system as data collectors in the Mentalization for Offending Adult Males (MOAM), a multisite RCT conducted in the National Probation Service in England and Wales.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 trial participants and 17 key stakeholders, either in person or via telephone. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Findings</h3> <p>Five themes emerged for trial participants and 11 for key stakeholders. For some, lived experience researchers helped overcome engagement barriers by fostering common ground with participants who were serving a prison or community sentence during recruitment. Participants reported that the involvement of lived experience researchers enhanced the study by facilitating knowledge transfer in certain instances. However, their inclusion did not eliminate all barriers and, for some participants, introduced new challenges to engagement.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Forensic lived experience researchers bridged the gap by fostering trust between data collectors and participants. Future studies should ensure that lived experience researchers receive adequate clinical supervision to support their role. The adopted methodology challenged assumptions about knowledge generation and stereotypes associated with being an ex-offender, benefiting both lived experience and traditional researchers.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Patient or Public Contribution</h3> <p>The study was developed in collaboration with User Voice (charity number: 1136047), who contributed to the study's design and conduct. The service user organisation co-designed the interview schedule and directed the protocol for participant payments, emphasising a consistent approach to avoid tokenism and ensure equal recognition of all contributions. The dissemination plan was developed in partnership with i
{"title":"Bridging the Gap: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Impact of the Involvement of Researchers With Lived Experience on a Multisite Randomised Control Trial in the National Probation Service in England and Wales","authors":"Elizabeth Simes, Stephen Butler, Elizabeth Allison, Barbara Barrett, Anthony Bateman, Angus Cameron, Mike Crawford, Alison Frater, Zoe Hoare, Mary McMurran, Paul Moran, Stephen Pilling, James Wason, Jessica Yakeley, Peter Fonagy","doi":"10.1111/hex.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methodological and ethical arguments support the involvement of individuals with lived experience in research to reduce engagement barriers and ensure those directly affected by studies contribute to knowledge generation. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of including researchers with lived experience of serving a prison or community sentence in clinical trials. This qualitative study aimed to explore the value of involving researchers with lived experience of the criminal justice system as data collectors in the Mentalization for Offending Adult Males (MOAM), a multisite RCT conducted in the National Probation Service in England and Wales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 trial participants and 17 key stakeholders, either in person or via telephone. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five themes emerged for trial participants and 11 for key stakeholders. For some, lived experience researchers helped overcome engagement barriers by fostering common ground with participants who were serving a prison or community sentence during recruitment. Participants reported that the involvement of lived experience researchers enhanced the study by facilitating knowledge transfer in certain instances. However, their inclusion did not eliminate all barriers and, for some participants, introduced new challenges to engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forensic lived experience researchers bridged the gap by fostering trust between data collectors and participants. Future studies should ensure that lived experience researchers receive adequate clinical supervision to support their role. The adopted methodology challenged assumptions about knowledge generation and stereotypes associated with being an ex-offender, benefiting both lived experience and traditional researchers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient or Public Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was developed in collaboration with User Voice (charity number: 1136047), who contributed to the study's design and conduct. The service user organisation co-designed the interview schedule and directed the protocol for participant payments, emphasising a consistent approach to avoid tokenism and ensure equal recognition of all contributions. The dissemination plan was developed in partnership with i","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Nevill, J. Keely, R. Skoss, R. Collins, K. Langdon, J. Mills, and J. Downs, (2025), “What I Wish I Had Known: Examining Parent Accounts of Managing the Health of Their Child With Intellectual Disability,” Health Expectations 28, (2025): e70138, https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70138.
In the list of authors, the surname of second author “Keely” is incorrect. This should have read “Keeley”.
We apologize for this error.
{"title":"Erratum to “What I Wish I Had Known: Examining Parent Accounts of Managing the Health of Their Child With Intellectual Disability”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/hex.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>T. Nevill, J. Keely, R. Skoss, R. Collins, K. Langdon, J. Mills, and J. Downs, (2025), “What I Wish I Had Known: Examining Parent Accounts of Managing the Health of Their Child With Intellectual Disability,” <i>Health Expectations</i> 28, (2025): e70138, https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70138.</p><p>In the list of authors, the surname of second author “Keely” is incorrect. This should have read “Keeley”.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jo Wray, Jessica Russell, Faith Gibson, Charlotte Kenten, Kate Oulton
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>The importance of enabling patients to provide feedback on their experience of healthcare is widely accepted but there are few appropriate measures to enable children and young people to directly provide feedback, particularly those with intellectual disability or younger children. Our primary aim was to develop and test patient-reported experience measures for children and young people with intellectual disability who use inpatient hospital services. A secondary aim was to test these measures with younger children aged 4–7 years without intellectual disability.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A hospital inpatient patient-reported experience measure previously developed for children aged 8–11 years was revised iteratively in conjunction with a parent advisory group (comprising five parents of children and young people with and without intellectual disability) and children and young people with intellectual disability. The final patient-reported experience measure was tested in children's inpatient wards at seven hospitals in England over a 3-month period.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Parents suggested a need for a single patient-reported experience measure for all children with intellectual disability which contained simpler language, fewer questions and response options, and images to illustrate each question. The final patient-reported experience measure had 22 questions, each with a corresponding image, and a free text box in which children could add anything further. Questions addressed environment, people, care and treatment and safety.</p> <p>During testing at seven children's hospitals, 52 children and young people with intellectual disability (4–18 years) and 76 children without intellectual disability (4–7 years), all of whom received inpatient care, completed the patient-reported experience measure. Two percent of data were missing; in 16 instances respondents either ticked two responses or placed a tick between two response categories. Half the respondents added comments and/or drew a picture.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>The development of a patient-reported experience measure for children and young people with intellectual disability provides a previously unavailable opportunity for them to report on their experiences of inpatient care and have their voices heard. Future work to extend testing to a wider group is underway and will enable us to clarify whether one patient-reported experience measure is valid and reli
{"title":"The Forgotten Voices: Enabling Children and Young People With Intellectual Disability to Express Their Views on Their Inpatient Hospital Experience","authors":"Jo Wray, Jessica Russell, Faith Gibson, Charlotte Kenten, Kate Oulton","doi":"10.1111/hex.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The importance of enabling patients to provide feedback on their experience of healthcare is widely accepted but there are few appropriate measures to enable children and young people to directly provide feedback, particularly those with intellectual disability or younger children. Our primary aim was to develop and test patient-reported experience measures for children and young people with intellectual disability who use inpatient hospital services. A secondary aim was to test these measures with younger children aged 4–7 years without intellectual disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hospital inpatient patient-reported experience measure previously developed for children aged 8–11 years was revised iteratively in conjunction with a parent advisory group (comprising five parents of children and young people with and without intellectual disability) and children and young people with intellectual disability. The final patient-reported experience measure was tested in children's inpatient wards at seven hospitals in England over a 3-month period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents suggested a need for a single patient-reported experience measure for all children with intellectual disability which contained simpler language, fewer questions and response options, and images to illustrate each question. The final patient-reported experience measure had 22 questions, each with a corresponding image, and a free text box in which children could add anything further. Questions addressed environment, people, care and treatment and safety.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During testing at seven children's hospitals, 52 children and young people with intellectual disability (4–18 years) and 76 children without intellectual disability (4–7 years), all of whom received inpatient care, completed the patient-reported experience measure. Two percent of data were missing; in 16 instances respondents either ticked two responses or placed a tick between two response categories. Half the respondents added comments and/or drew a picture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of a patient-reported experience measure for children and young people with intellectual disability provides a previously unavailable opportunity for them to report on their experiences of inpatient care and have their voices heard. Future work to extend testing to a wider group is underway and will enable us to clarify whether one patient-reported experience measure is valid and reli","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Wallcook, Ulla Dahlkvist, Yvonne Domeij, Kerstin Green, Gigi Isaksson, Ida Goliath
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Prevention of health deterioration is a key policy objective in Sweden informed by active and healthy ageing initiatives. However, the perspectives of older people with mobility and health limitations on current prevention initiatives are seldom gained meaning these initiatives may fail to align to with the priorities of people whose health has ostensibly already deteriorated. We aimed to explore older care-experienced people's perspectives on the topic of health deterioration prevention and highlight aspects that they think are important to prioritise.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Method</h3> <p>Eight older people with experience in giving or receiving formal or informal care were involved as lay co-researchers in a participatory action research project that involved recruiting 11 further older informants to participate in peer interviews or complete a logbook. In a series of 13, 2-h workshops held over 1 year, we undertook data generation, training, reflection and analytic activities inspired by framework analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Findings</h3> <p>The lay co-researchers found the topic of health deterioration to be negatively and narrowly focussed opting instead to pursue a focus on articulating aspects, or puzzle pieces, that influence the improvement of wellbeing. Six influential puzzle pieces (stigma, digitalisation, services, losses, meaning and interactions) were regarded as important to prioritise which together illustrated that wellbeing is continually shaped in an interplay with dominant, but manipulable, social norms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>This study highlights how the language of active and healthy ageing, which pervades policy and practice, is imbued with ageist and ableist subtexts that can influence older people's wellbeing and lead to exclusionary experiences in society. We highlight wider societal trends, particularly digitalisation and effectivisation, whose negative impact on older people's wellbeing could be mitigated through inclusive co-design and resistance to normative influences.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Public Contribution</h3> <p>This project was initiated in dialogue with stakeholder representatives from pensioner organisations in a larger scale participatory action research project. The care-experienced lay co-researchers collaborated in all phases of this project—gaining funding, formulating research questions, planning the study d
{"title":"‘“Health” Is Just One Piece in the Puzzle of Wellbeing’: Shifting From Preventing Health Deterioration to Improving Wellbeing in a Participatory Action Research Project With Care-Experienced Older People","authors":"Sarah Wallcook, Ulla Dahlkvist, Yvonne Domeij, Kerstin Green, Gigi Isaksson, Ida Goliath","doi":"10.1111/hex.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hex.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevention of health deterioration is a key policy objective in Sweden informed by active and healthy ageing initiatives. However, the perspectives of older people with mobility and health limitations on current prevention initiatives are seldom gained meaning these initiatives may fail to align to with the priorities of people whose health has ostensibly already deteriorated. We aimed to explore older care-experienced people's perspectives on the topic of health deterioration prevention and highlight aspects that they think are important to prioritise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight older people with experience in giving or receiving formal or informal care were involved as lay co-researchers in a participatory action research project that involved recruiting 11 further older informants to participate in peer interviews or complete a logbook. In a series of 13, 2-h workshops held over 1 year, we undertook data generation, training, reflection and analytic activities inspired by framework analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lay co-researchers found the topic of health deterioration to be negatively and narrowly focussed opting instead to pursue a focus on articulating aspects, or puzzle pieces, that influence the improvement of wellbeing. Six influential puzzle pieces (stigma, digitalisation, services, losses, meaning and interactions) were regarded as important to prioritise which together illustrated that wellbeing is continually shaped in an interplay with dominant, but manipulable, social norms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights how the language of active and healthy ageing, which pervades policy and practice, is imbued with ageist and ableist subtexts that can influence older people's wellbeing and lead to exclusionary experiences in society. We highlight wider societal trends, particularly digitalisation and effectivisation, whose negative impact on older people's wellbeing could be mitigated through inclusive co-design and resistance to normative influences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Public Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This project was initiated in dialogue with stakeholder representatives from pensioner organisations in a larger scale participatory action research project. The care-experienced lay co-researchers collaborated in all phases of this project—gaining funding, formulating research questions, planning the study d","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor A. Mann, Zain A. Khan, Saima Asghar, Afshan Rani, Nadia Hussain, Sumera S. Akhtar, Susan Heydon, Mudassir Anwar
Introduction
The health-seeking patterns of the increasing Pakistani migrant population in New Zealand (NZ) is a subject of limited research in current literature. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate and understand the patterns of health services utilisation and medicine usage among first-generation Pakistani immigrants in NZ.
Methods
Convenience and snowball sampling using social media platforms were used to conduct eleven semi-structured interviews consisting of two participants per interview. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed iteratively using an inductive thematic approach.
Results
Self-medication emerged as a common practice by the majority of the participants and this practice stemmed from personal experiences, existing knowledge, and personal and cultural beliefs. However, participants had limited knowledge of the NZ health system and community pharmacy services and this led to conflicting expectations and outcomes. These factors serve as barriers to healthcare access for Pakistani immigrants and can result in adverse health outcomes and higher rates of dissatisfaction.
Conclusion
This study highlights the healthcare challenges and behaviours of Pakistani immigrants in NZ, emphasising their reliance on traditional remedies and self-medication. While appreciating the quality of NZ's healthcare, participants faced barriers like cost and lack of awareness of pharmacy services. The findings call for culturally tailored strategies to improve accessibility and healthcare experiences for immigrants.
Patient or Public Contribution
Two individuals from the Pakistani community, not part of the study, contributed to the design by offering feedback and pilot testing the interview guide. Based on their input, adjustments were made to enhance the clarity of the questions from a patient's or public viewpoint. No new questions were proposed as a result of this feedback.
{"title":"Patterns of Health Services and Medicine Utilisation by First-Generation Pakistani Immigrants in New Zealand","authors":"Noor A. Mann, Zain A. Khan, Saima Asghar, Afshan Rani, Nadia Hussain, Sumera S. Akhtar, Susan Heydon, Mudassir Anwar","doi":"10.1111/hex.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hex.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The health-seeking patterns of the increasing Pakistani migrant population in New Zealand (NZ) is a subject of limited research in current literature. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate and understand the patterns of health services utilisation and medicine usage among first-generation Pakistani immigrants in NZ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Convenience and snowball sampling using social media platforms were used to conduct eleven semi-structured interviews consisting of two participants per interview. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed iteratively using an inductive thematic approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-medication emerged as a common practice by the majority of the participants and this practice stemmed from personal experiences, existing knowledge, and personal and cultural beliefs. However, participants had limited knowledge of the NZ health system and community pharmacy services and this led to conflicting expectations and outcomes. These factors serve as barriers to healthcare access for Pakistani immigrants and can result in adverse health outcomes and higher rates of dissatisfaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the healthcare challenges and behaviours of Pakistani immigrants in NZ, emphasising their reliance on traditional remedies and self-medication. While appreciating the quality of NZ's healthcare, participants faced barriers like cost and lack of awareness of pharmacy services. The findings call for culturally tailored strategies to improve accessibility and healthcare experiences for immigrants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient or Public Contribution</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two individuals from the Pakistani community, not part of the study, contributed to the design by offering feedback and pilot testing the interview guide. Based on their input, adjustments were made to enhance the clarity of the questions from a patient's or public viewpoint. No new questions were proposed as a result of this feedback.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheyuan Liu, Liuyin Ji, Yujie Zhang, Jianrui Zhou, Qunyao Hu, Yaxin Wei, Chunyu Zhang, Fangzhou Liu
<p>I hope this message finds you well. I recently read the article “Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study” published by your journal. First, I commend the authors, Marja van Vliet, Machteld Huber, and Sigrid van der Zanden, for their efforts and valuable insights in this research. The authors have designed a dialogue tool to assist young individuals aged 16–25 in navigating various health and vulnerability-related issues, applicable across multiple domains, such as healthcare and social interactions [<span>1</span>]. However, I believe that the article may have certain limitations that warrant attention, and I would like to offer some suggestions for improving future research.</p><p>First, the sample size used in the study is relatively small (<i>N</i> = 118), particularly for the qualitative component (<i>N</i> = 36). This limited sample size may compromise the reliability and generalisability of the findings. Second, there is a notable gender imbalance within the sample, with 79% of participants being female, and the study focuses mainly on individuals in the Netherlands, which may limit the diversity of perspectives. Third, the study does not assess the long-term effects of the dialogue tool, particularly concerning its sustained influence on health perception and resilience. Fourth, the data is primarily based on self-reports from participants, which may introduce subjective biases [<span>2</span>]. Fifth, the discussion on the study's limitations is insufficient, lacking an in-depth examination of how these limitations might impact the generalisability and applicability of the findings. For example, issues such as sample representativeness, the tool's applicability across diverse contexts, and the limitations inherent in qualitative data were not adequately addressed.</p><p>To enhance the quality of this study, several suggestions for improvement could be considered: First, the small sample size may affect the reliability and generalisability of the findings [<span>3</span>]. I recommend that future studies either increase the sample size or provide justification for sample size adequacy based on expected precision estimates [<span>4, 5</span>]. Second, to improve the external validity of the findings, I suggest conducting research with a more diverse sample that incorporates participants from different cultural contexts and includes a balanced gender ratio. Third, future studies could employ a longitudinal design to track participants over time, which would allow for the assessment of the sustained effects of the tool on health perception and resilience, thereby providing stronger empirical support and enhancing the long-term applicability of the conclusions. Fourth, future research should incorporate objective data sources (e.g., medical records) to mitigate the influence of subjective biases. Fifth, I recommend a more comprehensive analysis in the conclusion regarding sample repr
{"title":"Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study","authors":"Cheyuan Liu, Liuyin Ji, Yujie Zhang, Jianrui Zhou, Qunyao Hu, Yaxin Wei, Chunyu Zhang, Fangzhou Liu","doi":"10.1111/hex.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hex.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I hope this message finds you well. I recently read the article “Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study” published by your journal. First, I commend the authors, Marja van Vliet, Machteld Huber, and Sigrid van der Zanden, for their efforts and valuable insights in this research. The authors have designed a dialogue tool to assist young individuals aged 16–25 in navigating various health and vulnerability-related issues, applicable across multiple domains, such as healthcare and social interactions [<span>1</span>]. However, I believe that the article may have certain limitations that warrant attention, and I would like to offer some suggestions for improving future research.</p><p>First, the sample size used in the study is relatively small (<i>N</i> = 118), particularly for the qualitative component (<i>N</i> = 36). This limited sample size may compromise the reliability and generalisability of the findings. Second, there is a notable gender imbalance within the sample, with 79% of participants being female, and the study focuses mainly on individuals in the Netherlands, which may limit the diversity of perspectives. Third, the study does not assess the long-term effects of the dialogue tool, particularly concerning its sustained influence on health perception and resilience. Fourth, the data is primarily based on self-reports from participants, which may introduce subjective biases [<span>2</span>]. Fifth, the discussion on the study's limitations is insufficient, lacking an in-depth examination of how these limitations might impact the generalisability and applicability of the findings. For example, issues such as sample representativeness, the tool's applicability across diverse contexts, and the limitations inherent in qualitative data were not adequately addressed.</p><p>To enhance the quality of this study, several suggestions for improvement could be considered: First, the small sample size may affect the reliability and generalisability of the findings [<span>3</span>]. I recommend that future studies either increase the sample size or provide justification for sample size adequacy based on expected precision estimates [<span>4, 5</span>]. Second, to improve the external validity of the findings, I suggest conducting research with a more diverse sample that incorporates participants from different cultural contexts and includes a balanced gender ratio. Third, future studies could employ a longitudinal design to track participants over time, which would allow for the assessment of the sustained effects of the tool on health perception and resilience, thereby providing stronger empirical support and enhancing the long-term applicability of the conclusions. Fourth, future research should incorporate objective data sources (e.g., medical records) to mitigate the influence of subjective biases. Fifth, I recommend a more comprehensive analysis in the conclusion regarding sample repr","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caitlin Shaw, Ghalib Khan, Thorrun Govind, Anna Robinson-Barella
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>Health inequities disproportionately affect people from ethnic minority communities and require a comprehensive effort across healthcare disciplines to tackle them. Ethnically minoritised populations continue to be underserved, despite the growing awareness of the detrimental link between ethnicity and poorer health- and medication-outcomes. Pharmacy has been recognised as an accessible and inclusive healthcare setting, with the ability to meet diverse patient needs. Yet, there still remain distinct gaps in knowledge of how to best design, implement and deliver culturally centred pharmacy services for members of ethnic minority communities.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>A systematic literature search was undertaken in November 2023, across four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Qualitative studies were included if they addressed barriers, enablers and interventions aimed at tackling medicines- and health service inequalities affecting people from ethnic minority communities. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach, according to Noblit and Hare, forming a qualitative evidence synthesis to further understanding.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>This meta-ethnographic systematic review synthesised data from 13 international studies eligible for inclusion. Four overarching third-order constructs (termed ‘themes’) were developed through reciprocal translation and focused on: (i) navigating pharmacy systems across the globe; (ii) understanding cultural needs and beliefs that may influence medicine use; (iii) strengthening relationships with pharmacists and other healthcare providers and (iv) addressing possible language and communication barriers.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Pharmacists and policymakers should aim to raise awareness of pharmacy services, increase the provision of cultural competency training within the profession, build stronger relationships with minority communities, and facilitate access to interpretation services. A template of recommendations has been developed to further implement and deliver such services on an individual pharmacy-, community- and profession-basis. Future research should seek to utilise lived-experience narratives and participatory co-design methods to further explore ways to address wider healthcare accessibility inequalities for this minoritised population.</p> </section>
{"title":"Implementing and Delivering Culturally Centred Pharmacy Services Tailored to Ethnically Minoritised Populations: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography","authors":"Caitlin Shaw, Ghalib Khan, Thorrun Govind, Anna Robinson-Barella","doi":"10.1111/hex.70165","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hex.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health inequities disproportionately affect people from ethnic minority communities and require a comprehensive effort across healthcare disciplines to tackle them. Ethnically minoritised populations continue to be underserved, despite the growing awareness of the detrimental link between ethnicity and poorer health- and medication-outcomes. Pharmacy has been recognised as an accessible and inclusive healthcare setting, with the ability to meet diverse patient needs. Yet, there still remain distinct gaps in knowledge of how to best design, implement and deliver culturally centred pharmacy services for members of ethnic minority communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was undertaken in November 2023, across four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Qualitative studies were included if they addressed barriers, enablers and interventions aimed at tackling medicines- and health service inequalities affecting people from ethnic minority communities. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach, according to Noblit and Hare, forming a qualitative evidence synthesis to further understanding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-ethnographic systematic review synthesised data from 13 international studies eligible for inclusion. Four overarching third-order constructs (termed ‘themes’) were developed through reciprocal translation and focused on: (i) navigating pharmacy systems across the globe; (ii) understanding cultural needs and beliefs that may influence medicine use; (iii) strengthening relationships with pharmacists and other healthcare providers and (iv) addressing possible language and communication barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacists and policymakers should aim to raise awareness of pharmacy services, increase the provision of cultural competency training within the profession, build stronger relationships with minority communities, and facilitate access to interpretation services. A template of recommendations has been developed to further implement and deliver such services on an individual pharmacy-, community- and profession-basis. Future research should seek to utilise lived-experience narratives and participatory co-design methods to further explore ways to address wider healthcare accessibility inequalities for this minoritised population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marja van Vliet, Machteld Huber, Sigrid van der Zanden
<p>We appreciate the opportunity to address the concerns raised regarding our recent publication, “Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study” (<i>Health Expect</i>. 2024 Oct;27(5):e70042). We value the constructive feedback and offer the following clarifications.</p><p>The quantitative aspect of our study involves a relatively small sample (<i>N</i> = 118), as acknowledged in the limitations section. These findings should, therefore, be interpreted with caution and are not generalisable to the entire population. Our main objective was to use this phase as an exploratory step, guiding the qualitative phase (focus groups and interviews), which forms the study's foundation. In qualitative research, a sample of <i>N</i> = 36 is not considered small; instead, the depth of data and achievement of saturation are critical indicators of validity.</p><p>Furthermore, we emphasise that this tool for adolescents and young adults builds upon rigorous research conducted during the development of both the adult and child versions. These earlier phases required distinct methodological considerations compared to starting from scratch.</p><p>We acknowledge the gender imbalance within our sample (79% female). However, our recruitment strategy prioritised factors such as ‘having a disease’ and ‘educational level’, given their established influence on health perceptions, as reported in the literature (e.g., [<span>1, 2</span>]). Gender differences in this context tend to be less pronounced, as also noted in previous studies.</p><p>We agree with the need to assess the long-term effects of the dialogue tool, as highlighted in the discussion section. One of our aims in publishing this article was to encourage future studies evaluating the sustained influence of the tool, as has been done for the adult and child versions (e.g., [<span>1</span>, <span>3, 4</span>]). Given the promising results of these earlier versions, we anticipate similar positive outcomes for this version.</p><p>The dialogue tool is specifically designed to capture an individual's subjective experience, making self-reported data the most appropriate method in this context. For evaluations requiring greater objectivity, we developed a separate measurement tool for the adult version [<span>5</span>, <span>6</span>]. Developing a similar tool for adolescents and young adults would be a logical next step and is recommended in our discussion section. This will enable scientific evaluation purposes.</p><p>Nevertheless, the main goal of this dialogue tool is to promote a subjective understanding of personal health, providing a foundation for meaningful discussions about individual needs, priorities, and goals.</p><p>We addressed concerns about generalisability in the methodological considerations section, specifically discussing its applicability across different cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. This issue was also explored in our earlier rapid r
{"title":"Response to Comments on “Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study”","authors":"Marja van Vliet, Machteld Huber, Sigrid van der Zanden","doi":"10.1111/hex.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hex.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We appreciate the opportunity to address the concerns raised regarding our recent publication, “Designing a Positive Health Dialogue Tool for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Mixed Methods Study” (<i>Health Expect</i>. 2024 Oct;27(5):e70042). We value the constructive feedback and offer the following clarifications.</p><p>The quantitative aspect of our study involves a relatively small sample (<i>N</i> = 118), as acknowledged in the limitations section. These findings should, therefore, be interpreted with caution and are not generalisable to the entire population. Our main objective was to use this phase as an exploratory step, guiding the qualitative phase (focus groups and interviews), which forms the study's foundation. In qualitative research, a sample of <i>N</i> = 36 is not considered small; instead, the depth of data and achievement of saturation are critical indicators of validity.</p><p>Furthermore, we emphasise that this tool for adolescents and young adults builds upon rigorous research conducted during the development of both the adult and child versions. These earlier phases required distinct methodological considerations compared to starting from scratch.</p><p>We acknowledge the gender imbalance within our sample (79% female). However, our recruitment strategy prioritised factors such as ‘having a disease’ and ‘educational level’, given their established influence on health perceptions, as reported in the literature (e.g., [<span>1, 2</span>]). Gender differences in this context tend to be less pronounced, as also noted in previous studies.</p><p>We agree with the need to assess the long-term effects of the dialogue tool, as highlighted in the discussion section. One of our aims in publishing this article was to encourage future studies evaluating the sustained influence of the tool, as has been done for the adult and child versions (e.g., [<span>1</span>, <span>3, 4</span>]). Given the promising results of these earlier versions, we anticipate similar positive outcomes for this version.</p><p>The dialogue tool is specifically designed to capture an individual's subjective experience, making self-reported data the most appropriate method in this context. For evaluations requiring greater objectivity, we developed a separate measurement tool for the adult version [<span>5</span>, <span>6</span>]. Developing a similar tool for adolescents and young adults would be a logical next step and is recommended in our discussion section. This will enable scientific evaluation purposes.</p><p>Nevertheless, the main goal of this dialogue tool is to promote a subjective understanding of personal health, providing a foundation for meaningful discussions about individual needs, priorities, and goals.</p><p>We addressed concerns about generalisability in the methodological considerations section, specifically discussing its applicability across different cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. This issue was also explored in our earlier rapid r","PeriodicalId":55070,"journal":{"name":"Health Expectations","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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