A detailed experimental and numerical study on the ignition temperature of single micron-sized spherical iron particles

IF 6.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-11 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113909

Liulin Cen , Zekang Lyu , Yong Qian , Wenjun Zhong , Xingcai Lu

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Abstract

Measuring the ignition temperature of micron-sized iron particles can verify the ignition mechanism and aid in designing efficient iron powder combustion devices. This study captured the diameter, morphology and ignition status of iron particles with diameter range from 17 to 45 μm entering a stable high-temperature environment by high-speed cameras. The ignition frequency of iron particles at different ambient temperatures and oxygen concentration were recorded. Defining the ignition temperature as the ambient temperature at which the ignition frequency of iron particles exceeds 0.9, it was found that the ignition temperature of iron particles heated from room temperature and closer to a spherical shape is approximately 1140 K, while the non-spherical iron particles is around 1120 K. The ignition temperature is independent of particle diameter and ambient oxygen concentration. The theoretical method for estimating ignition temperature (X.C. Mi, A. Fujinawa, J.M. Bergthorson, 2022) aligns well with the experimental results. Theoretical analysis indicates that the oxidation mechanism at low temperatures (below 800 K) does not affect the ignition temperature, preheating does not effectively reduce the ignition temperature, and iron particles with high specific surface areas, such as sponge iron powder, exhibit significantly lower ignition temperatures.

Novelty and significance statement

This study, for the first time integrates experimental investigation with theoretical models to systematically examine the ignition temperature of individual micron-sized iron particles under diverse conditions. The experimental approach allows precise in-situ characterization of particle diameter, particle morphology in different ambient oxygen concentration, providing insights into their respective effects on ignition temperature. Through comprehensive theoretical discussion and experimental validation, the ignition mechanism of iron particles is verified, offering crucial parameters for the design and optimization of efficient iron particle combustion systems.

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对单个微米级球形铁颗粒的点火温度进行了详细的实验和数值研究

测量微米级铁颗粒的着火温度可以验证其着火机理，有助于设计高效的铁粉燃烧装置。本研究利用高速摄像机捕捉了直径为17 ~ 45 μm的铁颗粒进入稳定高温环境后的直径、形貌和着火情况。记录了铁颗粒在不同环境温度和氧浓度下的点火频率。将着火温度定义为铁颗粒着火频率超过0.9的环境温度，发现从室温加热且更接近球形的铁颗粒的着火温度约为1140 K，而非球形的铁颗粒的着火温度约为1120 K。点火温度与颗粒直径和环境氧浓度无关。估计点火温度的理论方法（X.C. Mi， A. Fujinawa， J.M. Bergthorson, 2022）与实验结果吻合得很好。理论分析表明，低温（800k以下）氧化机理对着火温度没有影响，预热不能有效降低着火温度，海绵铁粉等高比表面积铁颗粒的着火温度明显降低。本研究首次将实验研究与理论模型相结合，系统地研究了不同条件下单个微米级铁颗粒的着火温度。实验方法可以精确地原位表征不同环境氧浓度下的颗粒直径和颗粒形态，从而深入了解它们各自对点火温度的影响。通过全面的理论讨论和实验验证，验证了铁颗粒的着火机理，为高效铁颗粒燃烧系统的设计和优化提供了关键参数。

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.