A promising green fluorimetric approach for analysis of edoxaban in real human plasma using green carbon dots decorated with terbium ions

Abstract

An innovative green synthesized carbon quantum dot was decorated with terbium as new fluorescent nanoprobes (Tb,N@CQDs) and developed as eco-friendliness, water-soluble, cost-effectiveness, and biocompatibility quantum dots for analysis of edoxaban (EDN). A microwave synthesis technique produced environmentally friendly (Tb,N@CQDs) in just 7 min, boasting a high quantum yield of 35.44%. The green synthesized quantum dots were then utilized in the development of a sensor for detecting trace amounts of edoxaban (EDN). EDN is a newly approved anticoagulant medication by the US-FDA for treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients initially treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5–10 days. The introduction of EDN resulted in a gradual decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Tb,N@CQDs at 436 nm within the calibration range 30.0 – 350.0 ng mL⁻¹. The creative method was validated for bio-analytical applications by FDA standards with a lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) 18.33 ng mL⁻¹, demonstrating simplicity, affordability, high sensitivity, and exceptional selectivity, making it suitable for clinical research. This established method proved effective in quantifying EDN in human plasma with percent of recovery (98.88 ± 2.74), pharmaceutical formulations, and pharmacokinetic studies, showcasing sustainability by incorporating recent evaluation criteria.