An Enhanced and Highly Efficient Semi-Implicit Combined Lagrange Multiplier Approach Preserving Original Energy Law for Dissipative Systems

Abstract

Recently, a new Lagrange multiplier approach was introduced by Cheng, Liu, and Shen, which has been broadly used to solve various challenging phase field problems. To design original energy-stable schemes, they have to solve a nonlinear algebraic equation to determine the introduced Lagrange multiplier, which can be computationally expensive, especially for large-scale and long-time simulations involving complex nonlinear terms. In this article, we propose an essential improved technique to modify this issue, which can be seen as a semi-implicit combined Lagrange multiplier approach. In general, the newly constructed schemes keep all the advantages of the Lagrange multiplier method and significantly reduce the computation costs. Besides, the new proposed second-order backward difference formula (BDF2) scheme dissipates the original energy, as opposed to a modified energy for the classic Lagrange multiplier approach. In addition, we establish a general framework for extending our constructed method to dissipative systems. Finally, several examples have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.