New challenges and perspectives on the organic halo effect on calories estimation: A brief review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Organic certification identifies food produced with more sustainable product methods. However, several studies have pointed out that it is also likely to generate a halo effect on the caloric estimation of food. As a result, unhealthy foods are perceived as containing fewer calories and may lead to increased consumption intentions. The aim of this paper is to quantify the magnitude of this organic halo effect and identify its possible moderators. We address the issue with a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the available literature specifically focused on the organic halo effect on food calorie estimation (i.e., 10 articles, 21 studies). The results highlighted a strong “organic halo effect” on calorie estimation (r = 0.40). Despite these findings, no stable moderator of the organic halo effect has been consistently identified across the literature. This meta-analysis provides a foundation for future research on the organic halo effect, offering a framework to guide upcoming studies on the phenomenon. The discussion outlines research avenues and advocates for a systematic investigation of specific moderators as well as an investigation of the conditions that promote the organic halo effect to facilitate and structured the exploration of the phenomenon.