Lipid Abnormalities and Their Association with Obesity and Hypertension Among Young Adults in Delhi-NCR, India

Abstract

Aims

Dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension are increasing among young adults, reflecting an epidemiological transition. Despite dyslipidemia's role in contributing to obesity and hypertension, it remains underexplored in young adults in India. This study assesses the prevalence, socio-demographic risk factors of dyslipidemia, and its association with obesity and hypertension in young adults in DelhiNCR, India.

Methods

A cross-sectional study among 3227 young adults (18–25 years) residing in Delhi-NCR. Sociodemographic data were collected using a pretested interview schedule. Obesity was assessed through BMI, waist and hip circumferences. Lipid abnormalities were categorized using NCEP ATP III guidelines.

Results

Dyslipidemia prevalence was 49.9%, with low HDL as the major contributor. Lipid abnormalities were higher in males compared to females, except for low HDL. Socio-demographic factors like higher education and parents' occupational status were associated with lipid abnormalities. Lipid abnormalities increased with age except for low HDL, which dropped post 21 years in males. Dyslipidemia was linked to higher risk of general and central obesity, with TG having the strongest association. All lipids, except HDL, were associated with hypertension. TG posed the strongest risk for both obesity and hypertension.

Conclusions

The study recommends early dyslipidemia screening for timely interventions through lifestyle modificationswhich could help in mitigating the burden of dyslipidemia and associated comorbidities.