Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella contamination and transmission in yellow-feathered broiler hatcheries in China

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Veterinary and Animal Science Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2025.100428

Canji Wu , Yuhui Deng , Zeluan Chen , Junhao Peng , Peizhi Wu , Jinger Chen , Pengju Chen , Ming Liao , Chenggang Xu , Jianmin Zhang

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Abstract

Salmonella is a significant avian pathogen causing infectious diseases in poultry, with hatching playing a crucial role in its transmission. Despite its importance, systematic research on Salmonella transmission in hatcheries remains limited. This study evaluates the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella throughout all production stages in yellow-feathered broiler hatcheries: laying, egg storage, incubating, hatching, and post-hatch. We found an overall Salmonella prevalence of 11.3 %, with the pathogen detected in both chickens and environmental samples. The hatching stage was identified as the most critical for Salmonella spread. Moreover, Salmonella Pullorum is the predominant serotype (93.97 %). Notably, all Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with some resistant to polymyxin B (22.41 %) and tigecycline (12.93 %). Resistance rates were highest for nalidixic acid (100.00 %), sulfamethoxazole (100.00 %), ciprofloxacin (95.69 %), and ampicillin (94.83 %). Additionally, antimicrobial resistance plasmid replicons and virulence genes were identified in these isolates. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 43 S. Pullorum isolates, revealing that the majority were ST92 (90.70 %). Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolates into three lineages, with Lineage III being the most predominant (83.72 %). It was found that Salmonella isolates from chicks and eggs across various production stages were closely related, and those from the environment also showed significant similarity. This suggests that Salmonella in the environment may originate from chicks/eggs and spread to other stages. More attention should be paid to Salmonella contamination in yellow-feathered broiler hatcheries, and stringent measures should be taken to control the horizontal spread of Salmonella, in addition to blocking the pathway of vertical transmission.

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