Evaluation of activated carbon as a Pickering emulsion Stabilizer for conformance control at high temperature and Salinity: A Focus on stability and rheology

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126764

Muhammad Mohsin Yousufi , Iskandar bin Dzulkarnain , Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn Elhaj , Suriati binti Sufian , Berihun Mamo Negash , Haithm Salah Hagar , Shehzad Ahmed

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Abstract

This study investigates activated carbon as a porous Pickering emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions in conformance control applications, aiming to enhance emulsion stability under high salinity and temperature without needing additional surfactants or polymers as needed with the conventional Pickering emulsifiers. The stability and rheology of activated carbon emulsions were evaluated under harsh conditions using X-ray fluorescence, FTIR, microscopy, and rheometry. Tests determined the minimum carbon concentration needed for stability, validated by thermogravimetric analysis and droplet size measurements. Results reveal a dual steric mechanism where activated carbon enhances stability by utilizing porous adsorption of oil droplets as physical barrier in addition to surrounding them. Moreover, salt ions act as co-spacers at high salinity and temperature, the increased particle concentration further reinforces the inter-droplet network, offering resilience to thermal and shear stress. This study highlights activated carbon’s potential as an effective Pickering emulsifier for conformance control in extreme reservoir conditions, paving the way for next-generation emulsifiers in industrial applications.

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.