Evaluation of activated carbon as a Pickering emulsion Stabilizer for conformance control at high temperature and Salinity: A Focus on stability and rheology

IF 5.2 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-22 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126764

Muhammad Mohsin Yousufi , Iskandar bin Dzulkarnain , Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn Elhaj , Suriati binti Sufian , Berihun Mamo Negash , Haithm Salah Hagar , Shehzad Ahmed

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Abstract

This study investigates activated carbon as a porous Pickering emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions in conformance control applications, aiming to enhance emulsion stability under high salinity and temperature without needing additional surfactants or polymers as needed with the conventional Pickering emulsifiers. The stability and rheology of activated carbon emulsions were evaluated under harsh conditions using X-ray fluorescence, FTIR, microscopy, and rheometry. Tests determined the minimum carbon concentration needed for stability, validated by thermogravimetric analysis and droplet size measurements. Results reveal a dual steric mechanism where activated carbon enhances stability by utilizing porous adsorption of oil droplets as physical barrier in addition to surrounding them. Moreover, salt ions act as co-spacers at high salinity and temperature, the increased particle concentration further reinforces the inter-droplet network, offering resilience to thermal and shear stress. This study highlights activated carbon’s potential as an effective Pickering emulsifier for conformance control in extreme reservoir conditions, paving the way for next-generation emulsifiers in industrial applications.

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活性炭作为酸洗乳稳定剂在高温盐碱条件下的一致性评价：稳定性和流变性研究

本研究研究了活性炭作为多孔皮克林乳化剂用于水包油乳液的一致性控制应用，旨在提高乳液在高盐度和高温度下的稳定性，而无需像传统的皮克林乳化剂那样额外添加表面活性剂或聚合物。使用x射线荧光、FTIR、显微镜和流变仪在恶劣条件下评估了活性炭乳液的稳定性和流变性。测试确定了稳定性所需的最低碳浓度，并通过热重分析和液滴尺寸测量进行了验证。结果表明，活性炭具有双重空间位阻机制，除了将油滴包裹起来外，还利用多孔吸附作为物理屏障来提高稳定性。此外，盐离子在高盐度和高温度下充当共间隔剂，颗粒浓度的增加进一步强化了液滴间网络，提供了对热应力和剪切应力的弹性。这项研究强调了活性炭作为一种有效的皮克林乳化剂的潜力，可以在极端油藏条件下控制稠度，为下一代乳化剂的工业应用铺平了道路。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.