Preparation, characterization, and adsorption mechanism of cogon grass-derived cellulose nanofibers/graphene nanoplatelets aerogels for diclofenac sodium removal from water

IF 5.2 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.126760

Siti Aisyah Saiful Adlee , Nur Nabihah Abdul Rahman , Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad , Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden , Anwar Iqbal , Zaiton Abdul Majid , Wan Hazman Danial

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Abstract

The presence of diclofenac sodium (DCF) residues in water streams poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical contaminants can be mitigated by developing advanced materials to supplement conventional wastewater treatment methods. This study aims to prepare and characterize the physicochemical properties of cogon grass-based cellulose nanofibers/graphene nanoplatelets (CNF/GnP) aerogels for the removal of DCF residues from aqueous solutions. CNF was successfully isolated from cogon grass through a series of processes, including bleaching, alkaline treatment, and TEMPO-mediated oxidation, followed by mechanical disintegration. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the composition of CNF and indicated the presence of physical crosslinking with GnP. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed CNF diameters ranging from 1.1 to 5.3 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated an increase in thermal stability from raw cellulose (269.94 °C) to CNF aerogel (296.96 °C) and CNF/GnP aerogel (309.45 °C). Both CNF aerogel and CNF/GnP aerogel were applied for the adsorption of DCF. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of CNF/GnP aerogel (219.3 mg/g and 95.47 %) were comparable to those of CNF aerogel (204.2 mg/g and 88.81 %) under optimal conditions: pH 4, 0.045 g adsorbent dosage, and an initial DCF concentration of 10 mg/L, indicating that the CNF matrix plays a significant role in the adsorption process. The adsorption behaviour followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. This study demonstrates the potential of CNF aerogel and CNF/GnP aerogel as sustainable adsorbents for DCF removal, contributing to the development of green technologies in alignment with Sustainable Development Goals.

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草源纤维素纳米纤维/石墨烯纳米片气凝胶对水中双氯芬酸钠的制备、表征及吸附机理

水流中双氯芬酸钠（DCF）残留物的存在对水生生态系统和人类健康构成重大风险。通过开发先进的材料来补充传统的废水处理方法，可以减轻药物污染物的生态毒性。本研究旨在制备并表征用于去除水溶液中DCF残留物的棉草基纤维素纳米纤维/石墨烯纳米片（CNF/GnP）气凝胶的物理化学性质。通过漂白、碱性处理、tempo氧化、机械分解等一系列工艺，成功地从草中分离出CNF。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）揭示了CNF的组成，并表明其与GnP存在物理交联。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）证实CNF直径在1.1 - 5.3 nm之间。热重分析（TGA）表明，从原纤维素（269.94°C）到CNF气凝胶（296.96°C）和CNF/GnP气凝胶（309.45°C），其热稳定性有所提高。采用CNF气凝胶和CNF/GnP气凝胶对DCF进行吸附。在pH值为4、吸附剂用量为0.045 g、DCF初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下，CNF/GnP气凝胶的吸附量（219.3 mg/g）和去除率（95.47%）与CNF气凝胶的吸附量（204.2 mg/g）和去除率（88.81%）相当，表明CNF基质在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。吸附行为符合Langmuir等温线和拟二级动力学模型。这项研究证明了CNF气凝胶和CNF/GnP气凝胶作为去除DCF的可持续吸附剂的潜力，有助于与可持续发展目标相一致的绿色技术的发展。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.