Molecularly imprinted polymers for the adsorptive denitrogenation and desulphurization of fuel oils: A review

Abstract

This study presents an in-depth review of recent developments and advancements in the use of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for adsorptive denitrogenation and desulphurization of fuel oils, particularly over the last decade. MIPs, known for their specific identification of target molecules, have showed great potential in the removal of nitrogen and sulphur compounds from fuel oils, which are significant contributors to environmental pollution and difficult to eliminate using traditional refining processes, surpassing traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon and zeolites. The review focusses on the synthesis and design methodologies used to optimise MIPs for fuel purification, emphasising their selective adsorption capability, stability, and reusability. In addition, the removal efficiencies demonstrated by MIPs were elucidated in this review. Key challenges, such as MIP scalability, cost-effectiveness, and post-adsorption regeneration, are explored, along with recommendations for future research to overcome these issues. Future research directions include developing innovative imprinting processes, incorporating nanomaterials, and integrating MIPs with enhanced purification technologies to create hybrid systems. The findings from the reviewed studies highlighted the game-changing innovation exhibited by MIPs in the adsorptive denitrogenation and desulphurization of fuel oils, providing a cleaner and more efficient fuel processing solution while minimising environmental effect.