Reactive & Functional Polymers最新文献

Dialdehyde carboxylated cellulose green crosslinked soybean protein isolate based on Schiff base reaction to improve the emulsification performance and stability of emulsion

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106244

Yanling Jiang , Jianshuo Miao , Qiong Jiang , Yidan Zhang , Liuting Mo , Wei Gao , Zhiyong Qin

To enhance the stabilization emulsion of soybean protein isolate (SPI), many strategies have been developed, such as modifying the properties of plant protein, using plant protein-polysaccharide complex, forming emulsion and so on. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of SPI and dialdehyde carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (DCNFs) with Schiff base at different concentrations and its effect on the emulsification property of SPI were investigated. The results indicated that the α-helix and β-turn contents of the protein in the SPI/DCNFs conjugates decreased by 35.9 % and 2 %, respectively. The fluorescence intensity reduced as the addition of DCNFs, indicating that there was a static quenching between DCNFs and SPI. SPI was caused by DCNFs to reduce the surface hydrophobicity, expand the molecular structure of protein, and form the new covalent bonds (C=N). In addition, The average diameter of the SPI/DCNFs emulsion was reduced to 117 nm, the zeta potential was enhanced to −35.6 mV, and the emulsification performance and stability were increased by 40.9 % and 40.8 %, respectively. The results suggested that the Schiff base reaction generated the conformational change of protein and improved the emulsification function, which offered a possible way to control glycosylation and improve the emulsifying property of SPI.

{"title":"Dialdehyde carboxylated cellulose green crosslinked soybean protein isolate based on Schiff base reaction to improve the emulsification performance and stability of emulsion","authors":"Yanling Jiang , Jianshuo Miao , Qiong Jiang , Yidan Zhang , Liuting Mo , Wei Gao , Zhiyong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the stabilization emulsion of soybean protein isolate (SPI), many strategies have been developed, such as modifying the properties of plant protein, using plant protein-polysaccharide complex, forming emulsion and so on. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of SPI and dialdehyde carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (DCNFs) with Schiff base at different concentrations and its effect on the emulsification property of SPI were investigated. The results indicated that the α-helix and β-turn contents of the protein in the SPI/DCNFs conjugates decreased by 35.9 % and 2 %, respectively. The fluorescence intensity reduced as the addition of DCNFs, indicating that there was a static quenching between DCNFs and SPI. SPI was caused by DCNFs to reduce the surface hydrophobicity, expand the molecular structure of protein, and form the new covalent bonds (C=N). In addition, The average diameter of the SPI/DCNFs emulsion was reduced to 117 nm, the zeta potential was enhanced to −35.6 mV, and the emulsification performance and stability were increased by 40.9 % and 40.8 %, respectively. The results suggested that the Schiff base reaction generated the conformational change of protein and improved the emulsification function, which offered a possible way to control glycosylation and improve the emulsifying property of SPI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Containing P/N/B/S multi-element flame retardant epoxy resin: Low smoke, low dielectric strength, UV shielding

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106226

Haopeng Cai , Wanyu Huang , Yufei Peng , Wenbo Wang , Lanlan Sun

With the development of rail transit in the direction of high-speed and safety, the multifunctional epoxy resin (EP) featuring flame resistance, low smoke emissions, low dielectric constant and Superior UV shielding has excellent development prospects. This study introduced a multifunctional new reactive flame retardant FSD, which, by incorporating P/N/S/B, significantly modified epoxy resin and achieved multi-functional upgrading of the resin. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the modified epoxy resin EP/FSD7.5 was enhanced to 33.2 %, and there was a notable enhancement in the material's fire safety, attributed to a 45.03 % reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 44 % decrease in total smoke production (TSP). In addition, the introduction of FSD gave EP excellent UV shielding properties and optimized its dielectric properties without sacrificing mechanical properties. In particular, in the smoke density test, the specific optical density of the fourth minute (D_S (4)) and Cumulative smoke concentration in the first four minutes (VOF₄) values for the EP/FSD7.5 composite successfully attained the HL1 classification under the EN45545–2 regulations. The research outcomes offer an innovative approach to advancing rail transit materials, with significant implications and practical application value.

{"title":"Containing P/N/B/S multi-element flame retardant epoxy resin: Low smoke, low dielectric strength, UV shielding","authors":"Haopeng Cai , Wanyu Huang , Yufei Peng , Wenbo Wang , Lanlan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of rail transit in the direction of high-speed and safety, the multifunctional epoxy resin (EP) featuring flame resistance, low smoke emissions, low dielectric constant and Superior UV shielding has excellent development prospects. This study introduced a multifunctional new reactive flame retardant FSD, which, by incorporating P/N/S/B, significantly modified epoxy resin and achieved multi-functional upgrading of the resin. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the modified epoxy resin EP/FSD7.5 was enhanced to 33.2 %, and there was a notable enhancement in the material's fire safety, attributed to a 45.03 % reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 44 % decrease in total smoke production (TSP). In addition, the introduction of FSD gave EP excellent UV shielding properties and optimized its dielectric properties without sacrificing mechanical properties. In particular, in the smoke density test, the specific optical density of the fourth minute (<em>D</em><sub><em>S</em></sub> (4)) and Cumulative smoke concentration in the first four minutes (<em>VOF</em><sub>4</sub>) values for the EP/FSD7.5 composite successfully attained the HL1 classification under the EN45545–2 regulations. The research outcomes offer an innovative approach to advancing rail transit materials, with significant implications and practical application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specific extraction of ciprofloxacin from milk by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106227

Shaolin Deng , Xiaolin Yue , Ping Li , Haoyue Xie , Zehua Huang , Wenyuan Tan

In this study, core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were rationally designed using Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles as carriers for selective recognition and extraction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in milk matrices. Compared with the reported molecularly imprinted polymers, The synthesized MMIPs demonstrated exceptional magnetic responsiveness enabling rapid solid-liquid separation. Static and dynamic adsorption studies revealed a maximum CIP adsorption capacity of 11.64 mg/g, Scatchard model analysis identified two distinct binding sites: high-affinity and low-affinity sites. Pseudo-second-order kinetics indicating chemisorption-dominated binding. Moreover, selective adsorption experiments confirmed high specificity toward CIP adsorption, with no significant interference from structural analogs. Coupled with HPLC-DAD, the method achieved sensitive detection of CIP with limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.86 g/L and 2.6 g/L, respectively. In the practical application of commercial samples, the recovery rate was 84.11–99.11 %, and the precision (RSD)was 0.5–1.21 %, demonstrating robustness for CIP enrichment in complex milk products.

{"title":"Specific extraction of ciprofloxacin from milk by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers","authors":"Shaolin Deng , Xiaolin Yue , Ping Li , Haoyue Xie , Zehua Huang , Wenyuan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were rationally designed using Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as carriers for selective recognition and extraction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in milk matrices. Compared with the reported molecularly imprinted polymers, The synthesized MMIPs demonstrated exceptional magnetic responsiveness enabling rapid solid-liquid separation. Static and dynamic adsorption studies revealed a maximum CIP adsorption capacity of 11.64 mg/g, Scatchard model analysis identified two distinct binding sites: high-affinity and low-affinity sites. Pseudo-second-order kinetics indicating chemisorption-dominated binding. Moreover, selective adsorption experiments confirmed high specificity toward CIP adsorption, with no significant interference from structural analogs. Coupled with HPLC-DAD, the method achieved sensitive detection of CIP with limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.86 g/L and 2.6 g/L, respectively. In the practical application of commercial samples, the recovery rate was 84.11–99.11 %, and the precision (RSD)was 0.5–1.21 %, demonstrating robustness for CIP enrichment in complex milk products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible sodium alginate-gelatin hydrogel membrane incorporated with green synthesized bimetallic ZnO:CeO2 nanocomposite for antioxidant, antibacterial and biocompatibility studies

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106228

Yasir Iqbal , Faheem Amin , Muhammad Hammad Aziz , Mansoor Khalid , Hisham A. Alhadlaq , ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri

In recent years, natural polymers including sodium alginate and gelatin have attained huge attention because of their potential applications in wound healing. In this study, sodium alginate and gelatin (SA-GE) composite hydrogel membranes were incorporated with Moringa oleifera leaf extract mediated green synthesized bimetallic zinc oxide:cerium oxide nanocomposite (ZnO:CeO₂ NCs) to improve the antioxidant, antibacterial and biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Furthermore, bimetallic ZnO:CeO₂ NCs were incorporated into SA-GE hydrogel membranes with varying concentrations such as 1 % (SA-GE@I), 2.5 % (SA-GE@II) and 5 % (SA-GE@III). The SA-GE hydrogel membranes were fabricated by the Freeze-gelation method. Green synthesized ZnO:CeO₂ NCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The prepared SA-GE, SA-GE@I, SA-GE@II and SA-GE@III hydrogel membranes structural analysis was done by SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), swelling and degradation studies. Universal testing Machine (UTM) was used to evaluate the impact of ZnO:CeO₂ NCs on tensile strength, elongation (%) and Young's modulus of SA-GE hydrogel membrane. Furthermore, DPPH assay and disk diffusion methods were followed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of SA-GE, SA-GE@I, SA-GE@II and SA-GE@III. Then, the biocompatibility of SA-GE and influence of green synthesized ZnO:CeO₂ NCs on SA-GE biocompatibility was evaluated againt NIH-3T3 cell lines by following alamar blue assay.

{"title":"Flexible sodium alginate-gelatin hydrogel membrane incorporated with green synthesized bimetallic ZnO:CeO2 nanocomposite for antioxidant, antibacterial and biocompatibility studies","authors":"Yasir Iqbal , Faheem Amin , Muhammad Hammad Aziz , Mansoor Khalid , Hisham A. Alhadlaq , ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, natural polymers including sodium alginate and gelatin have attained huge attention because of their potential applications in wound healing. In this study, sodium alginate and gelatin (SA-GE) composite hydrogel membranes were incorporated with <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaf extract mediated green synthesized bimetallic zinc oxide:cerium oxide nanocomposite (ZnO:CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs) to improve the antioxidant, antibacterial and biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Furthermore, bimetallic ZnO:CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs were incorporated into SA-GE hydrogel membranes with varying concentrations such as 1 % (SA-GE@I), 2.5 % (SA-GE@II) and 5 % (SA-GE@III). The SA-GE hydrogel membranes were fabricated by the Freeze-gelation method. Green synthesized ZnO:CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The prepared SA-GE, SA-GE@I, SA-GE@II and SA-GE@III hydrogel membranes structural analysis was done by SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), swelling and degradation studies. Universal testing Machine (UTM) was used to evaluate the impact of ZnO:CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs on tensile strength, elongation (%) and Young's modulus of SA-GE hydrogel membrane. Furthermore, DPPH assay and disk diffusion methods were followed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of SA-GE, SA-GE@I, SA-GE@II and SA-GE@III. Then, the biocompatibility of SA-GE and influence of green synthesized ZnO:CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs on SA-GE biocompatibility was evaluated againt NIH-3T3 cell lines by following alamar blue assay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogenation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) via a visible light-initiated radical chain transfer reaction

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106232

Qizheng Li , Ruohao Wang , Xinchang Pang , Kuahai Yu , Zhicheng Zhang

This study presents a visible-light-induced hydrogenation method for the efficient production of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), which is a ferroelectric polymer with significant potential in diverse applications. Here, the dechlorination of trichloroethylene fragments in polymers was displayed under mild reaction conditions, using trace amounts of Ir(ppy)₃ as a catalyst. Upon visible light irradiation, the Ir(III) complex is excited to the Ir(III)* state, which interacts with the trichloroethylene fragment, generating a macro-radical (P(VDF-CTFE)*) that abstracts hydrogen from a chain transfer reagent, reducing the CCl bond to a CH bond. Concurrently, the Ir(IV) species formed is reduced back to Ir(III) by triethylamine, completing the catalytic cycle. The catalyst facilitates repeated activation of the CCl bond, ensuring efficient hydrogenation throughout the process. This approach offers a mild, cost-effective, and scalable method for producing P(VDF-TrFE), addressing the need for more efficient and sustainable reduction strategies in polymer processing.

{"title":"Hydrogenation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) via a visible light-initiated radical chain transfer reaction","authors":"Qizheng Li , Ruohao Wang , Xinchang Pang , Kuahai Yu , Zhicheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a visible-light-induced hydrogenation method for the efficient production of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), which is a ferroelectric polymer with significant potential in diverse applications. Here, the dechlorination of trichloroethylene fragments in polymers was displayed under mild reaction conditions, using trace amounts of Ir(ppy)₃ as a catalyst. Upon visible light irradiation, the Ir(III) complex is excited to the Ir(III)* state, which interacts with the trichloroethylene fragment, generating a macro-radical (P(VDF-CTFE)*) that abstracts hydrogen from a chain transfer reagent, reducing the C<img>Cl bond to a C<img>H bond. Concurrently, the Ir(IV) species formed is reduced back to Ir(III) by triethylamine, completing the catalytic cycle. The catalyst facilitates repeated activation of the C<img>Cl bond, ensuring efficient hydrogenation throughout the process. This approach offers a mild, cost-effective, and scalable method for producing P(VDF-TrFE), addressing the need for more efficient and sustainable reduction strategies in polymer processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 106232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hyaluronic acid based hypoxia-responsive aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe for tumor cell imaging

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106231

Heting Li, Wenlong Zhang, Xinyi Pan, Yaning He

Tumor cell imaging was of crucial importance in cancer treatment. Hyaluronic acid was known to target CD44 receptors that were overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells, thereby endowing it with the potential to serve as a carrier for the tumor cell imaging system. Nevertheless, CD44 receptors could also be expressed by other cells, which would undermine the accuracy of the hyaluronic acid based tumor cell imaging system. Therefore, in this study, considering the unique hypoxic environment of tumor, we introduced azobenzene-based hypoxia-responsive unit onto the backbone of hyaluronic acid, with aggregation induced emission molecule (TPE-NH₂) acting as the fluorescent unit, to construct a hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe (HA-Azo-CN-TPE) for tumor cell imaging, the grafting percent of azobenzene and TPE-NH₂ were 20 % and 40 % respectively. HeLa cells were treated with HA-Azo-CN-TPE at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL which showed little cytotoxicity from MTT assay. Only under hypoxic condition could the fluorescence be observed, which verified the hypoxia-responsiveness of the fluorescent probe. Additionally, 3D multicellular spheroid composed of HeLa cells were also illuminated after being treated with the fluorescent probe under hypoxic condition, further confirming the viability of HA-Azo-CN-TPE as a hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe targeted at tumor cells.

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid based hypoxia-responsive aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe for tumor cell imaging","authors":"Heting Li, Wenlong Zhang, Xinyi Pan, Yaning He","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tumor cell imaging was of crucial importance in cancer treatment. Hyaluronic acid was known to target CD44 receptors that were overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells, thereby endowing it with the potential to serve as a carrier for the tumor cell imaging system. Nevertheless, CD44 receptors could also be expressed by other cells, which would undermine the accuracy of the hyaluronic acid based tumor cell imaging system. Therefore, in this study, considering the unique hypoxic environment of tumor, we introduced azobenzene-based hypoxia-responsive unit onto the backbone of hyaluronic acid, with aggregation induced emission molecule (TPE-NH<sub>2</sub>) acting as the fluorescent unit, to construct a hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe (HA-Azo-CN-TPE) for tumor cell imaging, the grafting percent of azobenzene and TPE-NH<sub>2</sub> were 20 % and 40 % respectively. HeLa cells were treated with HA-Azo-CN-TPE at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL which showed little cytotoxicity from MTT assay. Only under hypoxic condition could the fluorescence be observed, which verified the hypoxia-responsiveness of the fluorescent probe. Additionally, 3D multicellular spheroid composed of HeLa cells were also illuminated after being treated with the fluorescent probe under hypoxic condition, further confirming the viability of HA-Azo-CN-TPE as a hypoxia-responsive fluorescent probe targeted at tumor cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A facile strategy for multiple dynamic polyurethane with high mechanical strength, room-temperature healability and recoverability

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106216

Hongzhi Xu , Runsha Zhai , Zhiwei Hao , Chengwen Wang , Jianhua Zhang

The introduction of self-healability and recoverability into widely used polymer materials such as polyurethane has become an important way to increase their service lifetime and decrease the amount of waste to solve the pollution problems. However, it remains a formidable challenge to integrate robust mechanical properties with room-temperature self-healability and recoverability due to the proverbial trade-off between robustness and flexibility of polymer chains. In this study, a kind of multiple dynamic polyurethane (MDPU) consisted of dynamic acylsemicarbazide bonds and disulfide bonds as well as multiple hydrogen bonds derived from acylsemicarbazide bonds was readily prepared by the reaction between 3,3′ -dithiodipropionate as multifunction chain extender and an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. The chain structures and physicochemical properties were fully investigated. The results demonstrated that colorless transparent MDPU can not only possess high strength (>17 MPa), high stretchability (>700 %) and high toughness (>57 MJ·m⁻³), but also exhibit a high self-healability (healing efficiency over 70 % at 25 °C under the assistance of drops of N, N-dimethylformamide) and a good recoverability (almost completely recovered after thermocompression at 110 °C for 1 h). Considering the cheap and widely available resource and facile synthesis process, the strategy designed herein also provides a promising and cost-effective approach to readily fabricate self-healable polyurethane with desirable multifunctionality.

{"title":"A facile strategy for multiple dynamic polyurethane with high mechanical strength, room-temperature healability and recoverability","authors":"Hongzhi Xu , Runsha Zhai , Zhiwei Hao , Chengwen Wang , Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of self-healability and recoverability into widely used polymer materials such as polyurethane has become an important way to increase their service lifetime and decrease the amount of waste to solve the pollution problems. However, it remains a formidable challenge to integrate robust mechanical properties with room-temperature self-healability and recoverability due to the proverbial trade-off between robustness and flexibility of polymer chains. In this study, a kind of multiple dynamic polyurethane (MDPU) consisted of dynamic acylsemicarbazide bonds and disulfide bonds as well as multiple hydrogen bonds derived from acylsemicarbazide bonds was readily prepared by the reaction between 3,3′ -dithiodipropionate as multifunction chain extender and an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. The chain structures and physicochemical properties were fully investigated. The results demonstrated that colorless transparent MDPU can not only possess high strength (>17 MPa), high stretchability (>700 %) and high toughness (>57 MJ·m<sup>−3</sup>), but also exhibit a high self-healability (healing efficiency over 70 % at 25 °C under the assistance of drops of <em>N, N</em>-dimethylformamide) and a good recoverability (almost completely recovered after thermocompression at 110 °C for 1 h). Considering the cheap and widely available resource and facile synthesis process, the strategy designed herein also provides a promising and cost-effective approach to readily fabricate self-healable polyurethane with desirable multifunctionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative flame-retardant systems for rigid polyurethane foam: Synergistic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus polyols

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106215

Xiaoyan Sun , Lisha Deng , Jiankun Fu , Ziheng Zhao , Chunfan Xu , Min Hao , Madeleine Bussemaker , Juncheng Jiang , Lian X. Liu , Ru Zhou

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is widely used for building insulation. However, RPUF has significant safety concerns due to its flammability. It ignites easily, burns rapidly, and releases substantial heat and toxic smoke in a short time. Researchers have explored various additive flame retardants as a solution. However, these additives often weaken the mechanical strength of RPUF, leading to unsatisfactory performance. In this study, we investigated for the first time the application of nitrogen-containing polyols synthesized from the reaction of melamine and formaldehyde, and phosphorus-containing polyols produced from the reaction of trimethyl phosphate and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane in flame-retardant RPUF. These polyols were used in a reactive flame-retardant strategy for RPUF. This approach improved the effectiveness of the flame retardants. It also minimized the negative impact on the mechanical properties of RPUF. We combined nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing flame-retardant polyols in a 2:1 ratio. This combination significantly improved flame retardancy and thermal stability. The RPUF composites achieved a limiting oxygen index of 27.2 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating. The composites also showed a significant reduction in total heat release and total smoke production by 55.9 % and 65.8 %, respectively, compared to pure RPUF. These improvements are due to a dense residual carbon layer formed during combustion. This layer shields the RPUF matrix from heat and oxygen. Additionally, the composites reduce the concentration of combustible gases in the gas phase, lowering the overall temperature.

{"title":"Innovative flame-retardant systems for rigid polyurethane foam: Synergistic effects of nitrogen and phosphorus polyols","authors":"Xiaoyan Sun , Lisha Deng , Jiankun Fu , Ziheng Zhao , Chunfan Xu , Min Hao , Madeleine Bussemaker , Juncheng Jiang , Lian X. Liu , Ru Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is widely used for building insulation. However, RPUF has significant safety concerns due to its flammability. It ignites easily, burns rapidly, and releases substantial heat and toxic smoke in a short time. Researchers have explored various additive flame retardants as a solution. However, these additives often weaken the mechanical strength of RPUF, leading to unsatisfactory performance. In this study, we investigated for the first time the application of nitrogen-containing polyols synthesized from the reaction of melamine and formaldehyde, and phosphorus-containing polyols produced from the reaction of trimethyl phosphate and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane in flame-retardant RPUF. These polyols were used in a reactive flame-retardant strategy for RPUF. This approach improved the effectiveness of the flame retardants. It also minimized the negative impact on the mechanical properties of RPUF. We combined nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing flame-retardant polyols in a 2:1 ratio. This combination significantly improved flame retardancy and thermal stability. The RPUF composites achieved a limiting oxygen index of 27.2 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating. The composites also showed a significant reduction in total heat release and total smoke production by 55.9 % and 65.8 %, respectively, compared to pure RPUF. These improvements are due to a dense residual carbon layer formed during combustion. This layer shields the RPUF matrix from heat and oxygen. Additionally, the composites reduce the concentration of combustible gases in the gas phase, lowering the overall temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Luminescent transparent wood composite doped with organic dyes

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106217

Priya Bisht, Krishna K. Pandey

The fabrication of transparent wood by altering light absorbing component of wood, i.e. lignin, followed by infiltration of a suitable polymer has generated lot of interest due to its favorable physical, mechanical and fascinating optical properties. A luminescent transparent wood composite (LTW) was prepared by infiltration of two organic dyes (acriflavine and rhodamine 6G) and their combination into the lignin modified wood substrate prior to epoxy polymer infiltration. The confocal laser scanning microscope images show uniform absorption of both the dyes in the wood substrate of LTW. On excitation with a laser beam, strong characteristic fluorescence corresponding to acriflavine and rhodamine 6G dye was produced on the edges as well as on the entire surface of LTW. Good spectral overlap of fluorescence emission spectra of acriflavine (donor molecule) and absorption spectra of rhodamine 6G (acceptor molecule) make LTW an excellent system for a long-range dipole-dipole excitation energy transfer. The fluorescence emission spectra measured from mixture showed a successive reduction of acriflavine emission accompanied by enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 6G indicating excitation energy transfer from acriflavine to rhodamine 6G. The dye doped LTW can be an efficient active medium for harvesting solar radiation for luminescent solar collectors.

{"title":"Luminescent transparent wood composite doped with organic dyes","authors":"Priya Bisht, Krishna K. Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of transparent wood by altering light absorbing component of wood, i.e. lignin, followed by infiltration of a suitable polymer has generated lot of interest due to its favorable physical, mechanical and fascinating optical properties. A luminescent transparent wood composite (LTW) was prepared by infiltration of two organic dyes (acriflavine and rhodamine 6G) and their combination into the lignin modified wood substrate prior to epoxy polymer infiltration. The confocal laser scanning microscope images show uniform absorption of both the dyes in the wood substrate of LTW. On excitation with a laser beam, strong characteristic fluorescence corresponding to acriflavine and rhodamine 6G dye was produced on the edges as well as on the entire surface of LTW. Good spectral overlap of fluorescence emission spectra of acriflavine (donor molecule) and absorption spectra of rhodamine 6G (acceptor molecule) make LTW an excellent system for a long-range dipole-dipole excitation energy transfer. The fluorescence emission spectra measured from mixture showed a successive reduction of acriflavine emission accompanied by enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 6G indicating excitation energy transfer from acriflavine to rhodamine 6G. The dye doped LTW can be an efficient active medium for harvesting solar radiation for luminescent solar collectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of solketal as a building block for the synthesis of nonhemolytic acrylate-based cationic binary copolymers with antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus.

IF 4.5 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Reactive & Functional Polymers

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106211

Arijit Sengupta, Joshua Stoltenberg, Mary R. Coveyou, Maria C. Perakis, Alexander Kuiken

In this work, we have used solketal as a building block to synthesize a series of cationic binary copolymers for antibacterial applications. Two acrylate monomers based on solketal and N-Boc protected 2-(methylamino)ethanol were copolymerized by free radical polymerization to generate random binary copolymers. The copolymers were treated with acid to functionalize the side chains with free hydroxyl (from solketal) and secondary ammonium groups. The antibacterial properties of these copolymers were investigated against two gram-positive strains, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus). We observed a ∼10–16 fold increase in the antibacterial activity of our copolymers with specific compositions against B. subtilis compared to similar homologs. The copolymers also exhibited a more potent antibacterial activity against M. luteus compared to B. subtilis. The presence of hydroxyl functional groups in the microstructures of the cationic copolymers significantly reduced the hemolytic toxicity towards red blood cells (sheep blood), thus enhancing their selectivity towards B. subtilis and M. luteus as high as >45 times and >130 times, respectively. The non-hemolytic characteristics of these copolymers arising from free hydroxyl groups justify the role of solketal as a potential replacement for PEG in developing non-hemolytic cationic polyacrylates for antimicrobial applications.

{"title":"The role of solketal as a building block for the synthesis of nonhemolytic acrylate-based cationic binary copolymers with antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus.","authors":"Arijit Sengupta, Joshua Stoltenberg, Mary R. Coveyou, Maria C. Perakis, Alexander Kuiken","doi":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we have used solketal as a building block to synthesize a series of cationic binary copolymers for antibacterial applications. Two acrylate monomers based on solketal and N-Boc protected 2-(methylamino)ethanol were copolymerized by free radical polymerization to generate random binary copolymers. The copolymers were treated with acid to functionalize the side chains with free hydroxyl (from solketal) and secondary ammonium groups. The antibacterial properties of these copolymers were investigated against two gram-positive strains, <em>Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis</em>) and <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> (<em>M. luteus</em>). We observed a ∼10–16 fold increase in the antibacterial activity of our copolymers with specific compositions against <em>B. subtilis</em> compared to similar homologs. The copolymers also exhibited a more potent antibacterial activity against <em>M. luteus</em> compared to <em>B. subtilis</em>. The presence of hydroxyl functional groups in the microstructures of the cationic copolymers significantly reduced the hemolytic toxicity towards red blood cells (sheep blood), thus enhancing their selectivity towards <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>M. luteus</em> as high as >45 times and >130 times, respectively. The non-hemolytic characteristics of these copolymers arising from free hydroxyl groups justify the role of solketal as a potential replacement for PEG in developing non-hemolytic cationic polyacrylates for antimicrobial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20916,"journal":{"name":"Reactive & Functional Polymers","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 106211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0