Natural and anthropogenic processes and landforms in the eastern sector of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (from Pleistocene to Anthropocene)

Abstract

The aim of this work is to analyze landscape-shaping processes in the Pampean plain, eastern sector of the Buenos Aires province, reconstructing the geomorphic evolution from the Late Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. For this purpose, a geomorphological analysis was carried out through the use of satellite images, topographic maps and field work. In this study, natural and anthropogenic processes are addressed in an integrative manner, considering both temporal and spatial scales. The geomorphic characteristics show the preponderance of coastal and aeolian processes over other exogenous processes. The emergence of two littoral barriers, the Samborombón Barrier (SB) and the Easter Sandy Barrier (ESB), has significantly influenced regional geomorphology, showing evidence of Quaternary sea-level fluctuations. Over time, human settlements were strategically located on elevated landforms of the Pampean plain, rich in resources. Since the late 19th century, human activity has rapidly transformed the landscape, especially altering the hydric system, marshes, beaches, dunes and littoral ridges. These processes also generated human-created landforms, such as channels, quarries, alluvial fans, among others. This study provides a regional context for future research, fostering the formulation of hypotheses to better comprehend the evolving dynamics of these environments.