A Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Technologies Use and Loneliness: Examining the Influence of Physical Embodiment, Age Differences, and Effect Direction.
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Abstract
Recent research has investigated the connection between artificial intelligence (AI) utilization and feelings of loneliness, yielding inconsistent outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to clarify this relationship by synthesizing data from 47 relevant studies across 21 publications. Findings indicate a generally significant positive correlation between AI use and loneliness (r = 0.163, p < 0.05). Specifically, interactions with physically embodied AI are marginally significantly associated with decreased loneliness (r = -0.266, p = 0.088), whereas engagement with physically disembodied AI is significantly linked to increased loneliness (r = 0.352, p < 0.001). Among older adults (aged 60 and above), AI use is significantly positively associated with loneliness (r = 0.352, p < 0.001), while no significant correlation is observed (r = 0.039, p = 0.659) in younger individuals (aged 35 and below). Furthermore, by incorporating positive attitudes toward AI, the study reveals that the influence of AI use in exacerbating loneliness outweighs the reverse impact, although both directions show significant positive relationships. These results enhance the understanding of how AI usage relates to loneliness and provide practical insights for addressing loneliness through AI technologies.
期刊介绍：
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking is a leading peer-reviewed journal that is recognized for its authoritative research on the social, behavioral, and psychological impacts of contemporary social networking practices. The journal covers a wide range of platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, internet gaming, and e-commerce, and examines how these digital environments shape human interaction and societal norms.
For over two decades, this journal has been a pioneering voice in the exploration of social networking and virtual reality, establishing itself as an indispensable resource for professionals and academics in the field. It is particularly celebrated for its swift dissemination of findings through rapid communication articles, alongside comprehensive, in-depth studies that delve into the multifaceted effects of interactive technologies on both individual behavior and broader societal trends.
The journal's scope encompasses the full spectrum of impacts—highlighting not only the potential benefits but also the challenges that arise as a result of these technologies. By providing a platform for rigorous research and critical discussions, it fosters a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between technology and human behavior.
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