Examining general, physical, and mental health disparities between transgender and cisgender adults in the U.S.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH International Journal for Equity in Health Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI:10.1186/s12939-024-02364-4

Sunday Azagba, Galappaththige S R de Silva, Todd Ebling

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Abstract

Background: With the proliferation of anti-transgender policies in some U.S. jurisdictions, this study examines the general, mental, and physical health of transgender and cisgender populations.

Methods: Data from the 2020-2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed to examine associations between gender identity and health outcomes. Propensity score weighting was used to address potential imbalances among group characteristics. We conducted logistic regression for the binary outcome of self-rated health and quasi-Poisson regression for the number of days reporting poor mental and physical health.

Results: Results reveal significant disparities in health outcomes, with transgender individuals reporting lower proportions of good general health and more days of poor mental and physical health compared to cisgender individuals. In the adjusted analyses, transgender individuals were significantly less likely to report good general health compared to cisgender peers (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.52-0.69). Gender nonconforming (GNC), male-to-female (MTF), and female-to-male (FTM) individuals had lower odds of reporting good general health compared to cisgender individuals (GNC, OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.35-0.61; MTF, OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.53-0.85; FTM, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.57-0.87). GNC individuals had an 86% higher frequency of poor mental health days (IRR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.57-2.21) and a 37% higher frequency of poor physical health days (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.15-1.63) compared to cisgender counterparts. Similarly, MTF and FTM individuals had significantly higher frequencies of poor mental and physical health days.

Conclusions: The study highlights significant health disparities faced by transgender individuals, who report poorer general, mental, and physical health. These findings underscore the need to address the unique challenges and improve health outcomes within the transgender community.

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研究美国变性成年人与同性成年人在一般健康、身体健康和心理健康方面的差异。

背景：随着美国一些司法管辖区反跨性别政策的扩散，本研究调查了跨性别和顺性别人群的一般、心理和身体健康状况。方法：分析2020-2023年行为风险因素监测系统的数据，研究性别认同与健康结果之间的关系。倾向得分加权用于解决群体特征之间潜在的不平衡。我们对自评健康的二元结果进行了逻辑回归，并对报告精神和身体健康状况不佳的天数进行了准泊松回归。结果：结果揭示了健康结果的显著差异，与顺性别个体相比，跨性别个体报告的总体健康状况良好的比例较低，精神和身体健康状况不佳的天数较多。在调整后的分析中，与顺性别同龄人相比，跨性别者报告总体健康状况良好的可能性显著降低（OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.52-0.69）。与顺性别个体相比，性别不一致（GNC）、男变女（MTF）和女变男（FTM）个体报告总体健康状况良好的几率较低(GNC, OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.35-0.61；Mtf, or = 0.67, 95% ci = 0.53-0.85；（or = 0.71, 95% ci = 0.57-0.87）。与顺性别个体相比，GNC个体的心理健康状况不佳天数频率高出86% (IRR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.57-2.21)，身体健康状况不佳天数频率高出37% （IRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.15-1.63）。同样，MTF和FTM个体的心理和身体健康状况不佳的频率明显更高。结论：该研究强调了跨性别者面临的重大健康差异，他们报告的一般、心理和身体健康状况较差。这些发现强调了解决跨性别群体独特挑战和改善健康结果的必要性。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Equity in Health Medicine-Health Policy

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

4.20%

发文量

162

审稿时长

28 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal for Equity in Health is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal presenting evidence relevant to the search for, and attainment of, equity in health across and within countries. International Journal for Equity in Health aims to improve the understanding of issues that influence the health of populations. This includes the discussion of political, policy-related, economic, social and health services-related influences, particularly with regard to systematic differences in distributions of one or more aspects of health in population groups defined demographically, geographically, or socially.