Comparative study on the seismic performance of column-supported silos: Single, row, and group configurations under different storage conditions

Abstract

Grain plays a crucial role in a nation's economic security and public welfare, and the efficient storage of grain in group silos is essential for maintaining these reserves. As a global leader in grain production, consumption, and imports, China also holds a significant position in grain reserves. Based on shake table tests and actual case studies, this study explores the seismic mechanisms and failure modes of column-supported group silos using the Abaqus finite element simulation method. This study includes shaking table test verification and a refined numerical simulation method for column-supported silos. The dynamic responses, natural frequency, acceleration, and lateral pressure of storage material are analyzed to verify the rationality of numerical methods. Additionally, this study investigates the implementation and mechanisms of the material–structure interaction system in Abaqus, including the selection of material constitutive models, earthquake records, element size division, and grain–structure contact issues. Then, finite element models of different silo structures are built for single silos, row silos, and group silos. The modal shapes, natural frequencies, acceleration responses, relative displacement responses, and lateral pressure of storage material under the action of EL-Centro waves, Kobe waves, and artificial waves are investigated to reveal the seismic response mechanisms of column-supported silo structures under different storage material conditions. This research not only helps guide practical engineering design but also provides a scientific supplement to existing silo seismic theories.