Focusing on Formyl Peptide Receptors after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: from Immune Response to Neurogenesis

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Neurochemical Research Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI:10.1007/s11064-025-04347-5

Ziheng Pu, Dan Luo, Beining Shuai, Yuzhao Xu, Mingyong Liu, Jianhua Zhao

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Abstract

The intricate pathophysiological cascades following spinal cord injury (SCI), encompassing cellular demise, axonal degeneration, and the formation of glial scars, pose formidable barriers to neural regeneration and restoration. Notably, neuroinflammation and glial scars emerge as pivotal barrier to post-SCI repair. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) emerge as critical regulators of immune responses, exerting significant influence over inflammatory modulation and nerve regeneration subsequent to SCI. Beyond their classical expression in myeloid cells, FPRs demonstrate a pronounced presence within the central nervous system (CNS) with roles in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders and neurological malignancies. Post-SCI, the equilibrium of the inflammatory microenvironment is recalibrated through the strategic modulation of FPRs, including facilitating a balance in microglial polarization, stimulating neural stem cells (NSCs) migration, and promoting neural axon elongation. These observations enlighten the potential of FPRs as innovative targets for neuronal regenerations bolstering SCI repair. This review endeavors to delineate the distribution and function of FPRs in the aftermath of SCI, with a special attention to their roles in inflammatory regulation, NSCs mobilization, and synaptic growth. By elucidating these mechanisms, we aspire to contribute novel insights and strategies for SCI therapy.

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外伤性脊髓损伤后甲酰基肽受体的研究：从免疫反应到神经发生

脊髓损伤（SCI）后复杂的病理生理级联反应，包括细胞死亡、轴突变性和胶质瘢痕的形成，对神经再生和恢复构成了巨大的障碍。值得注意的是，神经炎症和神经胶质疤痕成为脊髓损伤后修复的关键障碍。甲酰基肽受体（FPRs）是免疫反应的重要调节因子，对脊髓损伤后的炎症调节和神经再生具有重要影响。除了在髓细胞中的经典表达外，FPRs在中枢神经系统（CNS）中也表现出明显的存在，并在神经退行性疾病和神经恶性肿瘤的进展中发挥作用。脊髓损伤后，炎症微环境的平衡通过fpr的战略性调节被重新校准，包括促进小胶质细胞极化平衡，刺激神经干细胞（NSCs）迁移，促进神经轴突伸长。这些观察结果启发了fpr作为神经元再生促进脊髓损伤修复的创新靶点的潜力。这篇综述试图描述脊髓损伤后FPRs的分布和功能，特别关注它们在炎症调节、NSCs动员和突触生长中的作用。通过阐明这些机制，我们渴望为脊髓损伤治疗提供新的见解和策略。

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来源期刊

Neurochemical Research 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.30%

发文量

320

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Neurochemical Research is devoted to the rapid publication of studies that use neurochemical methodology in research on nervous system structure and function. The journal publishes original reports of experimental and clinical research results, perceptive reviews of significant problem areas in the neurosciences, brief comments of a methodological or interpretive nature, and research summaries conducted by leading scientists whose works are not readily available in English.