Relationship Between Bullshit, Cognitive Skills, and Belief Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review

IF 1.8 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Applied Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI:10.1002/acp.70029

Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez, Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi, Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina, Javier Escudero-Pastén, Fabiola Salas

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Abstract

Bullshit—verbal statements with little or no concern for the truth—has sparked a growing interest in individual traits, with an increase in the number of studies aimed at understanding why people are more receptive to this type of false information. This review seeks to identify variables associated with bullshit receptivity. To this end, a meta-analysis was conducted using two databases (Web of Science and Scopus). From 451 articles reviewed, those that met the inclusion criteria were included in 12 meta-analyses. The results (k = 46) confirmed direct associations between bullshit receptivity and factors such as motivational quotes, mundane statements, confabulations, conspiracy mentality, religious and paranormal beliefs, and/or faith in intuition. Additionally, receptivity was indirectly associated with cognitive reflection tests, verbal intelligence, and numerical abilities. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and identify key variables that could help mitigate bullshit receptivity.

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胡扯、认知技能和信念系统之间的关系：一项元分析综述

扯淡——很少或根本不关心真相的口头陈述——已经引发了人们对个人特征的兴趣，越来越多的研究旨在了解为什么人们更容易接受这类虚假信息。这篇综述试图找出与屁话接受度相关的变量。为此，使用Web of Science和Scopus两个数据库进行meta分析。从451篇文献中，符合纳入标准的文献被纳入12篇meta分析。结果（k = 46）证实了屁话接受度与一些因素之间的直接联系，如励志名言、世俗陈述、虚构、阴谋心理、宗教和超自然信仰，以及/或对直觉的信仰。此外，接受性与认知反射测试、语言智力和计算能力间接相关。这些发现让我们对这种现象有了更深入的了解，并确定了有助于减轻胡扯接受度的关键变量。

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来源期刊

Applied Cognitive Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

8.30%

发文量

111

期刊介绍： Applied Cognitive Psychology seeks to publish the best papers dealing with psychological analyses of memory, learning, thinking, problem solving, language, and consciousness as they occur in the real world. Applied Cognitive Psychology will publish papers on a wide variety of issues and from diverse theoretical perspectives. The journal focuses on studies of human performance and basic cognitive skills in everyday environments including, but not restricted to, studies of eyewitness memory, autobiographical memory, spatial cognition, skill training, expertise and skilled behaviour. Articles will normally combine realistic investigations of real world events with appropriate theoretical analyses and proper appraisal of practical implications.