Applied Cognitive Psychology最新文献

We examined how event plausibility and suggested frequency influence the formation of false beliefs and memories using a blind implantation paradigm. Participants (N = 855) rated 20 events (two critical, high vs. low plausible) for experience and frequency. One week later, 103 participants (M_age = 33.7; 62.1% women) who had not reported the critical events received a follow-up survey suggesting they indicated experiencing four true and one false event (once or repeatedly), rating event belief and recollection before and after imagination. The high plausible event elicited higher false beliefs than the low plausible event under suggested single, not repeated experiences, with no statistically significant effect of imagination. False memory ratings did not differ by plausibility or suggested frequency pre-imagination. False beliefs and memories ranged from 9.1% (low plausible repeated) to 52% (high plausible single). These findings emphasize how factors such as suggested frequency differentially shape false belief and memory formation.

The Complex Trial Protocol (CTP), a P300-based Concealed Information Test (CIT), is an innovative tool that can be used to identify individuals who possess crime-related information. We tested the CTP in a mock terrorism scenario with three different probes. Undergraduate participants (n = 41) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Innocent Control (IC), Simply Guilty (SG), and Guilty Countermeasure (GCM). Individuals in the SG and GCM groups underwent a mock terrorism scenario and were exposed to three pictorial probes: the face of an accomplice, the crime scene, and the mock explosive device. The GCM group performed a memory suppression countermeasure. Based on the AUCs generated, the CTP showed a good to very good predictive ability ranging from 0.63 to 0.94 depending on the probe presented. Attempting to suppress information had the opposite effect of generating slightly higher P300 amplitudes than in SG individuals. Stimuli quality and ecological issues are discussed.

Interpreting architectural drawings requires integrating explicit visual information with inferred spatial relationships, allowing the study of how internal cognitive processes interdepend on external representations. This study examines how gaze behavior and gestures function as cognitive offloading strategies in spatial interpretation tasks. Architecture students analyzed abstract and detailed floor plans of two buildings while interpreting the spatial function of rooms and user movement. Eye-tracking revealed that abstract drawings elicited more exploratory gaze patterns, while detailed drawings promoted focal attention and longer visual processing. Gesturing was more frequent in abstract drawings and motion tasks, supporting mental simulation of missing information, whereas deictic gestures dominated in the function interpretation of the detailed drawings, reinforcing explicit visual information. These findings suggest that gaze and gestures are jointly used to offload difficult mental transformations. More broadly, this work highlights how external cognition strategies adapt to task demands and representational affordances in spatial reasoning.

Problematic alcohol use is common among men who perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV). Alcohol misuse and deficits in social and cognitive skills are risk factors for IPV and general recidivism. The present study assessed data from 7781 men who had perpetrated IPV, collected using the Service Planning Instrument (SPIn). Men who reported that alcohol use had disrupted their functioning or contributed to their criminal activities were more likely to have general and violent reoffenses. We examined the interaction between alcohol use and social and cognitive risk factors and general and violent recidivism at 3-year follow-up. Although variables relating to alcohol use and social and cognitive risk factors were individually related to any and violent recidivism, this study found little evidence that these factors interacted together to influence reoffending rates. Recommendations for case management, including concurrent IPV and alcohol treatment programming, and future research are discussed in light of these findings.

This study examined the effectiveness of two instructional methods for teaching fraction multiplication within the framework of cognitive load theory. Ninety-three Year 4 students from South East Asian country were randomly assigned to either the High Element-Interactivity Method (HEIM) or the Low Element-Interactivity Method (LEIM). They completed a pre-test, attended a teaching phase, studied an instruction sheet, worked on acquisition problems, completed a post-test, and an Optimal Outcomes Questionnaire. Results indicated that LEIM students outperformed HEIM students on practice problems and Type I (simple) post-test problems, suggesting that LEIM's lower element interactivity reduced cognitive load imposition. Across both groups, performance on practice problems correlated positively with post-test results. Consistent with prior research, beliefs about achieving optimal best were not related to cognitive load imposed by instructional design. Overall, the findings highlight LEIM as a more efficient method than HEIM for supporting students' learning of fraction multiplication.

Chronic pain significantly impacts many individuals with endometriosis, yet cognitive biases—specifically interpretation bias (IB) and memory recall bias (MRB)—remain underexplored in this context. This study examined IB and MRB in individuals with endometriosis compared with pain-free controls and explored their associations with pain outcomes. A total of 160 participants (90 with endometriosis; 70 pain-free controls) completed online tasks assessing IB (via ambiguous scenarios), MRB (using a surprise free-recall task), and self-reported pain measures. Individuals with endometriosis demonstrated a significantly reduced tendency to interpret ambiguous information in a neutral manner compared with pain-free controls, but no differences in MRB. Within the endometriosis cohort, IB and MRB were modestly correlated, although neither bias was significantly associated with pain outcomes once anxiety and depression were controlled for. These findings suggest that while altered IB is a distinguishing cognitive feature of endometriosis, its influence on pain experience appears indirect and may be shaped by affective factors.