{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Urban Plants and Soils: Evaluation of Impacts of Air Pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Rabiul Islam, Md Safiqul Islam, Shahid Uz Zaman, Shatabdi Roy, Samiha Nahian, Md Moniruzzaman, Abdus Salam","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07788-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution is a substantial threat to both human health and plant life. While there has been plenty of study on the effects of air pollution on human health in Dhaka, the influence on plants in this urban environment has yet to be investigated. This study investigated the heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in various plant species to elucidate the effects of air pollution on vegetation. Samples of soil and corresponding plant leaves from <i>Mangifera indica</i> (Mango tree), <i>Swietenia mahagoni</i> (Mahogany tree), <i>Polyalthia longifolia</i> (Ashoka tree), <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (Fig tree), and <i>Artocarpus heterophyllus</i> (Jackfruit tree) were collected from industrial, traffic, and control location in Dhaka city. Concentrations of heavy metals in both soil and leaves were analyzed, and the geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, and transfer coefficient were calculated to assess the correlation between metal concentration and air pollution impact. At traffic locations, lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations ranged from 2605 to 4289 mg/kg and 35 to 1157 mg/kg, respectively. In industrial areas, chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) concentrations varied from 386 to 954 mg/kg and 27 to 458 mg/kg, surpassing World Health Organization recommended limits. Pb and Cr exhibited the highest geo-accumulation index. Traffic sites demonstrated the highest Pb transfer coefficients across plant species. This study is very significant as it provides important understandings for urban planning and environmental management, highlighting the adverse effects of pollution on plant species in Dhaka.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-025-07788-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Air pollution is a substantial threat to both human health and plant life. While there has been plenty of study on the effects of air pollution on human health in Dhaka, the influence on plants in this urban environment has yet to be investigated. This study investigated the heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in various plant species to elucidate the effects of air pollution on vegetation. Samples of soil and corresponding plant leaves from Mangifera indica (Mango tree), Swietenia mahagoni (Mahogany tree), Polyalthia longifolia (Ashoka tree), Ficus religiosa (Fig tree), and Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit tree) were collected from industrial, traffic, and control location in Dhaka city. Concentrations of heavy metals in both soil and leaves were analyzed, and the geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, and transfer coefficient were calculated to assess the correlation between metal concentration and air pollution impact. At traffic locations, lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations ranged from 2605 to 4289 mg/kg and 35 to 1157 mg/kg, respectively. In industrial areas, chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) concentrations varied from 386 to 954 mg/kg and 27 to 458 mg/kg, surpassing World Health Organization recommended limits. Pb and Cr exhibited the highest geo-accumulation index. Traffic sites demonstrated the highest Pb transfer coefficients across plant species. This study is very significant as it provides important understandings for urban planning and environmental management, highlighting the adverse effects of pollution on plant species in Dhaka.
期刊介绍：
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
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