Characterization of pecan, hickory, and walnut phospholipids and the comparable effects of pecan phospholipids with soy phospholipids on scopolamine-induced dementia in mice

IF 3.4 2区农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal of Food Science Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.70055

Xiaodong Jia, Xingzeng Zhao, Wenyue Tan, Ziyan Wang, Jianke Du, Zhongren Guo, Tao Wang, Mengyang Xu, Chenghang Liu

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Abstract

Nuts are famous and popular for their ability to nourish the brain. The effects of nuts differ depending on their phospholipid compositions, but unfortunately, studies on phospholipids in nuts are lacking. Therefore, the phospholipid compositions of pecan, hickory, and walnut, which are all from the Juglandaceae family, were analyzed and compared for the first time in this study. A total of 91 phospholipids from 10 classes were identified, while phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidic acid are the major classes of phospholipids in these nuts. The substituted fatty acid chains were mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, followed by saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in PCs, PEs, and all the phospholipids in the three types of nuts. Given that pecans have the highest total phospholipid content, PC content, PE content, and phosphatidylserine (PS) content of among the three nuts, and considering that PC, PE, and PS have been reported to enhance memory, pecans were chosen for further pharmacological analysis. Relatively high-purity (56.1%) pecan phospholipid extract (51.6 g) was obtained from pecan kernels (70 kg) to obtain more accurate biological activity results. The biological activity of pecan phospholipids was evaluated by behavioral tests, including the step-through test, the step-down test, and the Morris water maze test. A total of 210 mice were divided into seven groups and intragastrically administered pecan phospholipids (120, 60, and 30 mg kg⁻¹), while soy phospholipids (400 and 200 mg kg⁻¹) were used as positive controls. The results indicated that pecan phospholipids possess learning- and memory-enhancing abilities comparable to those of soy phospholipids.

Practical Application

The phospholipid compositions of pecan, hickory, and walnut were analyzed and compared for the first time in this study, providing guidance for the future utilization of the valuable oils from these nuts. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for the future utilization of phospholipids from these types of nuts.

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山核桃、山核桃和核桃磷脂的特性，以及山核桃磷脂与大豆磷脂对东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠痴呆的可比作用

坚果因其滋养大脑的能力而闻名于世。坚果的影响取决于它们的磷脂成分，但不幸的是，缺乏对坚果中磷脂的研究。因此，本研究首次对核桃科植物山核桃、山核桃树和核桃的磷脂成分进行了分析比较。共鉴定出10类91种磷脂，其中磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和磷脂酸是主要的磷脂类。被取代的脂肪酸链以多不饱和脂肪酸为主，其次是pc、pe中的饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸，三种坚果中所有的磷脂都是如此。考虑到三种坚果中山核桃的总磷脂含量、PC含量、PE含量和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）含量最高，并考虑到有报道称PC、PE和PS具有增强记忆的作用，我们选择山核桃进行进一步的药理分析。从山核桃仁（70 kg）中获得纯度相对较高（56.1%）的山核桃磷脂提取物（51.6 g），以获得更准确的生物活性结果。采用行为学实验，包括阶梯穿越实验、阶梯下降实验和Morris水迷宫实验，对山核桃磷脂的生物活性进行评价。210只小鼠分为7组，分别灌胃山核桃磷脂（120、60和30 mg kg - 1），大豆磷脂（400和200 mg kg - 1）作为阳性对照。结果表明，山核桃磷脂具有与大豆磷脂相当的学习和记忆增强能力。本研究首次对山核桃、山核桃树和核桃的磷脂成分进行了分析比较，为今后这些坚果中有价值油脂的开发利用提供指导。本研究结果为今后利用这些坚果中的磷脂奠定了基础。

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来源期刊

Journal of Food Science 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

2.60%

发文量

412

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The goal of the Journal of Food Science is to offer scientists, researchers, and other food professionals the opportunity to share knowledge of scientific advancements in the myriad disciplines affecting their work, through a respected peer-reviewed publication. The Journal of Food Science serves as an international forum for vital research and developments in food science. The range of topics covered in the journal include: -Concise Reviews and Hypotheses in Food Science -New Horizons in Food Research -Integrated Food Science -Food Chemistry -Food Engineering, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology -Food Microbiology and Safety -Sensory and Consumer Sciences -Health, Nutrition, and Food -Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety The Journal of Food Science publishes peer-reviewed articles that cover all aspects of food science, including safety and nutrition. Reviews should be 15 to 50 typewritten pages (including tables, figures, and references), should provide in-depth coverage of a narrowly defined topic, and should embody careful evaluation (weaknesses, strengths, explanation of discrepancies in results among similar studies) of all pertinent studies, so that insightful interpretations and conclusions can be presented. Hypothesis papers are especially appropriate in pioneering areas of research or important areas that are afflicted by scientific controversy.