Metabolic syndrome is associated with more pain in hand osteoarthritis: Results from the DIGICOD cohort

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI:10.1016/j.ocarto.2025.100573

Alix Charton , Romane Lacoste-Badie , Sophie Tuffet , Alexandra Rousseau , Emmanuel Maheu , Bruno Fautrel , Maxime Dougados , Francis Berenbaum , Alice Courties , Jérémie Sellam

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Abstract

Background

The role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in osteoarthritis (OA) pain, particularly in non-weight-bearing joints like the hand (HOA), remains debated. This study assessed whether MetS is linked to increased hand pain in patients with HOA.

Methods

Using the DIGICOD cohort, 352 HOA patients (85 % women, mean age 66.4 ± 7.4 years) were analyzed. Pain levels were evaluated via visual analog scale (VAS), AUSCAN pain subscore, and AIMS2 pain subscore. The presence of MetS (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and its components were assessed alongside demographic and clinical characteristics, including BMI and radiological severity (KL sum score). Associations were adjusted for confounders (age, sex, KL score, and HAD scale). Outcomes were dichotomized into high/low pain levels, with results expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).

Results

MetS was present in 36 % of patients and associated with higher pain levels during activity (VAS OR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.02–2.57) and overall OA pain (AIMS2 OR = 1.85, 95 % CI 1.14–2.99). Adjusted AUSCAN pain subscore also correlated with MetS (OR = 1.66, 95 % CI 1.05–2.62), but significance was reduced when adjusting for HAD (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI 0.98–2.48). Elevated triglycerides, a MetS component, were significantly linked to higher AIMS2 pain scores (OR = 2.58, 95 % CI 1.09–6.07). BMI was not found to be independently associated with pain.

Conclusion

MetS correlates with increased pain in HOA, independent of structural damage and anxiety/depression, underscoring its systemic impact on OA-related pain.

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