Validation of a small-scale portable rainfall simulator on the simultaneous transport of sediments and pesticides in agriculture soils

IF 3.8 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pest Management Science Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1002/ps.8695

Ayman N Saber, Farag Malhat, Pabel Cervantes-Avilés, Mostafa Mahmoud, Hirozumi Watanabe

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Soil erosion and sedimentation accelerate land degradation, especially in East Asia. Surface runoff is a major pathway for pesticide transport into surface and groundwater, threatening aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the runoff rate, sediment yield, pesticide transport, and pesticide concentrations across soil layers using a small-scale portable rainfall simulator (0.33 × 0.48 m) under laboratory and field conditions.

RESULTS

Cumulative sediment runoff reached 2.1 and 2.3 ton ha⁻¹ in laboratory and field simulations, respectively. Maximum pesticide concentrations under laboratory conditions were 1.3 mg kg⁻¹ (fipronil), 2.34 mg kg⁻¹ (clothianidin), and 0.17 mg kg⁻¹ (imidacloprid); field results were comparable. Over 2% of applied pesticides dissolved in runoff, while <1.2% adhered to soil particles. Fipronil exhibited the highest losses in runoff, posing acute toxicity risks for aquatic organisms, with toxicity unit values exceeding safe thresholds for bluegill sunfish.

CONCLUSION

Pesticide losses depend on solubility and soil adsorption. Fipronil, despite limited soil movement, poses significant aquatic toxicity risks compared to imidacloprid and clothianidin. This study highlights the role of portable rainfall simulators in understanding pesticide transport and provides valuable insights for mitigating the environmental risks of pesticide use. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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小型便携式降雨模拟器对农业土壤中沉积物和农药同时运移的验证

土壤侵蚀和沉积加速了土地退化，特别是在东亚。地表径流是农药进入地表水和地下水的主要途径，对水生生态系统构成威胁。本研究利用小型便携式降雨模拟器（0.33 × 0.48 m）在实验室和田间条件下研究了径流速率、产沙量、农药迁移和农药浓度。结果室内和野外模拟的累积沙流量分别达到2.1和2.3 t ha−1。实验室条件下的最大农药浓度分别为1.3 mg kg - 1（氟虫腈）、2.34 mg kg - 1（噻虫胺）和0.17 mg kg - 1（吡虫啉）；现场结果具有可比性。超过2%的施用农药溶解在径流中，而1.2%的农药附着在土壤颗粒上。氟虫腈在径流中的损失最大，对水生生物构成急性毒性风险，其毒性单位值超过了蓝鳃太阳鱼的安全阈值。结论农药损失主要取决于溶解度和土壤吸附。尽管氟虫腈的土壤移动有限，但与吡虫啉和噻虫胺相比，氟虫腈具有显著的水生毒性风险。这项研究强调了便携式降雨模拟器在了解农药运输中的作用，并为减轻农药使用的环境风险提供了有价值的见解。©2025化学工业协会。

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来源期刊

Pest Management Science 农林科学-昆虫学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

9.80%

发文量

553

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： Pest Management Science is the international journal of research and development in crop protection and pest control. Since its launch in 1970, the journal has become the premier forum for papers on the discovery, application, and impact on the environment of products and strategies designed for pest management. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.