Two stage voltage coordination optimization of substation − feeder area considering demand response

Abstract

A two-stage substation-feeder voltage coordination optimization strategy that incorporates demand response (DR) is proposed to address issues of reverse power flow and voltage violations in distribution networks caused by high penetration rates of distributed generation (DG). Firstly, in the first stage, focusing on voltage stability and the economics of voltage regulation equipment at the substation area, day-ahead centralized optimal scheduling of discrete equipment switching plans is performed to enhance the low-voltage (LV) side bus voltage. In the second stage, building on the first stage’s regulation scheme, the voltage quality at each feeder node is further improved through the coordinated optimal scheduling of DG, DR, energy storage systems (ESS), and reactive power regulation equipment. Subsequently, voltage optimization models for both the substation and feeder areas are constructed. The demand response is precisely modeled at the feeder area, formulated as a mixed-integer second-order conic programming problem, and solved using CPLEX. Finally, simulation results on the IEEE 33 node and IEEE 69 node system demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the number of discrete equipment actions, significantly improves voltage quality, and enhances the economy and security of distribution network operations.