Deciphering mineralogical and compositional variations in lunar Basin, Mare Fecunditatis: An in-depth analysis using hyperspectral remote sensing techniques

Abstract

Analysis of Mare Fecunditatis with hyperspectral data derived from ISRO’s Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) presents a detailed spectral analysis of the basalts comprising the Fecunditatis basin, revealing a complex geological history marked by multiple episodes of volcanism and varied mineral compositions. The analysis, based on M3 data, identifies the presence of sub-calcic pyroxenes such as pigeonite, augite, high calcium pyroxene in TiO₂ rich basalts, olivine in composite with other minerals in the interior of the basin, and orthopyroxene towards the periphery of the basin. The study also highlights positive correlation between the presence of rilles and domes, with the occurrence of high TiO₂-bearing basalt, suggesting a dynamic geological past. The dispersion of mare basalts with high TiO₂ concentration across the basin provides further insights into the lunar surface. Additionally, the study of impact craters reveals the presence of spinel-bearing lithologies, offering a glimpse into the deeper lunar crust. These findings contribute to our understanding of the geology of Mare Fecunditatis and provide information for lunar crustal exploration.