Gender differences in campus walkways: Exploring the relationships between perceived walking environment, exercise and academic self-efficacy in China

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to explore the relationships between perceived campus walking environment and exercise and academic self-efficacy among university students, with particular emphasis on different gender groups.

Methods

The data were based on a cross-sectional survey of 45 universities in China. The assessment of the perceived campus walking environment primarily included scenic beauty, pedestrian safety, walkability, road cleanliness, facility adequacy, and convenient resting areas.

Results

The results indicate that the perceived campus walking environment positively influences university students' academic self-efficacy through the mediating role of exercise. Compared with male university students, female university students generally exhibit lower levels of academic self-efficacy. The perceived campus walking environment has a more significant direct influence on the academic self-efficacy of female university students. Exercise plays a more pronounced mediating role in the academic self-efficacy of male university students.

Conclusion

Based on our research findings, the study encourages campus administrators to pay special attention to the campus walking environment in future campus development, with a particular focus on addressing the needs of female students. Simultaneously, there should be a focus on improving the physical activity environment and enhancing sports facilities for male students. These measures will contribute to an overall enhancement of university students' academic self-efficacy and campus walkways.