How have community activation factors in community gardening changed after the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Abstract

The sustainability of community gardens depends on active engagement. This study examines how community activation factors in gardening changed before and after COVID-19, categorizing garden communities into three types: Multi-Layered Multi-Region (Type 1), Multi-Layered One-Region (Type 2), and One-Tier Multi-Region (Type 3). Before the pandemic, four major factors influenced activation: Gardening Programs, Regional/Local Cooperation Systems, Characteristics of Participants, and Local Participation Programs. After COVID-19, only three factors remained significant, with Facility/Space Design replacing participant characteristics and local engagement programs. Findings suggest a shift from socially interactive engagement to more independent, space-focused participation. Type 1 gardens emphasized facility design and regional cooperation, while Type 3 gardens prioritized structured gardening programs and expert collaboration. This study highlights the evolving role of community gardens in urban resilience and public health. It recommends adaptive garden space design, self-managed gardening models, and strengthened regional cooperation to ensure long-term sustainability.