Arc erosion mechanism and surface characteristics of TiN particles reinforced Ag based electrical contact materials

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Wear Pub Date : 2025-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI:10.1016/j.wear.2025.205900

Jun Wang , Zhiguo Li , Huimin Zhang , Youchang Sun , Zhe Wang , Henry Hu , Songtao Liu , Xiaoyun Yuan , Xudong Chen

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Abstract

Electrical contact materials (ECMs) are crucial for ensuring the stability and efficiency of electrical instruments and electronic devices, as they regulate current flow. As an essential component of ECMs, Ag-SnO₂ composite ECMs exhibit excellent conductivity and weld resistance. However, the resistance of materials to arc erosion diminishes as the frequency of arc erosion increases. Herein, titanium nitride (TiN) particles reinforced silver (Ag) based electrical contact materials were synthesized using a combination of high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The results indicated that TiN particles reinforced Ag based electrical contact materials could strengthen the interface bonding, which can dramatically improve the microhardness (up to 145.3 HV), conductivity (up to 68.9 %IACS), density (up to 98 %) and resistance to arc erosion. After 5 × 10⁴ times arc erosion cycles, the mass loss of the Ag-TiN contact material is 0.0125 g, representing approximately 0.19 % of the total mass. Meanwhile, the friction properties of the electric contact materials were evaluated, and the results indicated that the Ag-TiN electric contact materials exhibited superior friction resistance, with an average friction coefficient of 0.8305. Furthermore, the decomposition of TiN ceramic particles under arc energy leads to the formation of highly thermally stable titanium dioxide (TiO₂) dendrites on the contact surface, which mitigates mass loss, effectively reducing arc erosion and extending the contact materials service life.

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TiN颗粒增强银基电接触材料的电弧侵蚀机理及表面特性

电触点材料（ecm）对确保电气仪器和电子设备的稳定性和效率至关重要，因为它们调节电流。Ag-SnO2复合ecm作为ecm的重要组成部分，具有优异的导电性和耐焊性。然而，随着电弧侵蚀频率的增加，材料的抗电弧侵蚀能力降低。本文采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结技术合成了氮化钛（TiN）颗粒增强银（Ag）基电接触材料。结果表明，TiN颗粒增强银基电接触材料可以增强界面结合，显著提高材料的显微硬度（高达145.3 HV）、电导率（高达68.9% IACS）、密度（高达98%）和抗电弧侵蚀性能。经过5 × 104次弧蚀循环后，Ag-TiN接触材料的质量损失为0.0125 g，约占总质量的0.19%。同时，对电接触材料的摩擦性能进行了评价，结果表明，Ag-TiN电接触材料具有优异的摩擦阻力，平均摩擦系数为0.8305。此外，在电弧能量作用下，TiN陶瓷颗粒的分解导致接触面形成热稳定的二氧化钛（TiO2）枝晶，从而减轻了质量损失，有效地减少了电弧侵蚀，延长了接触材料的使用寿命。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Wear 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

8.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Wear journal is dedicated to the advancement of basic and applied knowledge concerning the nature of wear of materials. Broadly, topics of interest range from development of fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of wear to innovative solutions to practical engineering problems. Authors of experimental studies are expected to comment on the repeatability of the data, and whenever possible, conduct multiple measurements under similar testing conditions. Further, Wear embraces the highest standards of professional ethics, and the detection of matching content, either in written or graphical form, from other publications by the current authors or by others, may result in rejection.