Pub Date : 2025-04-13DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206080
Kuangxin Luo , Qi Yang , Guoping Li , Jing Lu , Hao Ma , Jiayi He , Ning Wu , Fenghua Luo
Ni-WC coating was prepared by plasma transfer arc welding. According to the application scenario of the pinch roll, the evolution of the friction products and wear mechanism of the coating when countering against the H13 steel under different friction loads at 200 °C was investigated. The results showed that at a friction load of 10–40 N, the main friction product was iron oxide generated on the H13 steel, and the oxides were transferred to the friction surface of the coating. When the load was 30 N, due to severe material transfer, the wear rate of the coating reached a maximum value of 13.73 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m). But when the load was 40 N, the formation of compacted oxide layer hindered the formation of stress concentration layer and reduced wear. When the load was 50 N, a continuous adhesive layer of iron-carbon oxide was formed, which further suppressed the formation of oxides and material transfer, thereby reducing the wear rate to 1.79 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m). When the friction load increased from 10-20 N–30 N, 40 N, and 50 N, the wear mechanism shifted from abrasive wear to oxidative and abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and adhesive wear in sequence.
通过等离子体转移电弧焊制备了 Ni-WC 涂层。根据夹辊的应用情况，研究了涂层在 200 ℃ 下与 H13 钢在不同摩擦载荷下的摩擦产物演变和磨损机理。结果表明，当摩擦载荷为 10-40 N 时，主要的摩擦产物是 H13 钢上产生的氧化铁，氧化物被转移到涂层的摩擦表面。当载荷为 30 N 时，由于材料转移严重，涂层的磨损率达到最大值 13.73 × 10-5 mm3/（N-m）。但当载荷为 40 N 时，压实氧化层的形成阻碍了应力集中层的形成，降低了磨损。当载荷为 50 N 时，形成了连续的铁碳氧化物粘附层，进一步抑制了氧化物的形成和材料的转移，从而将磨损率降低到 1.79 × 10-5 mm3/（N-m）。当摩擦载荷从 10-20 N 增加到 30 N、40 N 和 50 N 时，磨损机制依次从磨料磨损转变为氧化磨损、磨料磨损、氧化磨损和粘合磨损。
{"title":"Evolution of friction products and wear mechanism of plasma transfer arc welding Ni-WC coating at 200 °C and different load conditions","authors":"Kuangxin Luo , Qi Yang , Guoping Li , Jing Lu , Hao Ma , Jiayi He , Ning Wu , Fenghua Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni-WC coating was prepared by plasma transfer arc welding. According to the application scenario of the pinch roll, the evolution of the friction products and wear mechanism of the coating when countering against the H13 steel under different friction loads at 200 °C was investigated. The results showed that at a friction load of 10–40 N, the main friction product was iron oxide generated on the H13 steel, and the oxides were transferred to the friction surface of the coating. When the load was 30 N, due to severe material transfer, the wear rate of the coating reached a maximum value of 13.73 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m). But when the load was 40 N, the formation of compacted oxide layer hindered the formation of stress concentration layer and reduced wear. When the load was 50 N, a continuous adhesive layer of iron-carbon oxide was formed, which further suppressed the formation of oxides and material transfer, thereby reducing the wear rate to 1.79 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N·m). When the friction load increased from 10-20 N–30 N, 40 N, and 50 N, the wear mechanism shifted from abrasive wear to oxidative and abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and adhesive wear in sequence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Controlling the tribological performance of fused filament fabrication (FFF) components remains a challenge, which depends on the understanding of their wear mechanisms. In this study, the effects of deposition strategies (Top, Front, and Side, corresponding to sliding surfaces perpendicular to the building, transverse, and scanning directions, respectively) and annealing temperatures (200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C) on the anisotropic tribological performance of FFF-printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and short carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) were investigated. We used a 316 L stainless steel ball as the counterpart for reciprocating sliding wear tests under water-lubricated conditions, detailing how the shift in the wear mechanism is attributed to the combined effect of the interfacial weld strength of the deposited layers, the fiber-matrix bonding strength, and the matrix crystallinity. The results show that the specific combination of deposition strategy and annealing temperature can effectively improve the wear performance of FFF-PEEK composites. For CFR-PEEK, the wear performance of Top specimens was best at the annealing temperature of 200 °C, Front specimens at 300 °C, and Side specimens were unsatisfactory at all annealing temperatures. Furthermore, fiber orientation is the predominant factor in determining the anisotropic tribological performance of CFR-PEEK, but the effect of the deposited layer orientation on the anisotropy should not be neglected. The findings offer critical insights for optimizing the design and fabrication of FFF-PEEK components for tribological applications.
{"title":"Improving tribological performance of 3D-printed PEEK and CFR-PEEK composites by combining optimized deposition strategies and post-processing conditions","authors":"Zhongcheng Cui , Wurikaixi Aiyiti , Ayiguli Kasimu , Lanlan Dong , Ru Jia , Cijun Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling the tribological performance of fused filament fabrication (FFF) components remains a challenge, which depends on the understanding of their wear mechanisms. In this study, the effects of deposition strategies (Top, Front, and Side, corresponding to sliding surfaces perpendicular to the building, transverse, and scanning directions, respectively) and annealing temperatures (200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C) on the anisotropic tribological performance of FFF-printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and short carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) were investigated. We used a 316 L stainless steel ball as the counterpart for reciprocating sliding wear tests under water-lubricated conditions, detailing how the shift in the wear mechanism is attributed to the combined effect of the interfacial weld strength of the deposited layers, the fiber-matrix bonding strength, and the matrix crystallinity. The results show that the specific combination of deposition strategy and annealing temperature can effectively improve the wear performance of FFF-PEEK composites. For CFR-PEEK, the wear performance of Top specimens was best at the annealing temperature of 200 °C, Front specimens at 300 °C, and Side specimens were unsatisfactory at all annealing temperatures. Furthermore, fiber orientation is the predominant factor in determining the anisotropic tribological performance of CFR-PEEK, but the effect of the deposited layer orientation on the anisotropy should not be neglected. The findings offer critical insights for optimizing the design and fabrication of FFF-PEEK components for tribological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206078
Jiang Wei , Kun Liu , Xiaojun Liu , Yi Feng , Jiaxin Ye
Existing first-principle-based models have primarily addressed single-asperity interactions; however, the behavior of multiple contacting asperities remains inadequately understood. This study investigates the adhesive wear behavior and material transfer mechanisms of a multi-asperity interface in dry friction conditions, focusing on an alumina/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite. By applying Rabinowicz's critical size criterion and Monte Carlo simulations, we analyzed the statistical wear characteristics of asperities. Our findings indicate that the simulated wear coefficient approximates 10−4, aligning well with experimental values. Additionally, the asperity size, material property, and their distribution strongly affect polymer wear behavior and material flow during the steady-state wear period. This research offers novel insights into the complex interactions at dry friction interfaces, paving the way for optimized material design and performance.
{"title":"Statistical modeling of multi-asperity wear and transfer in polymer-metal interfaces","authors":"Jiang Wei , Kun Liu , Xiaojun Liu , Yi Feng , Jiaxin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing first-principle-based models have primarily addressed single-asperity interactions; however, the behavior of multiple contacting asperities remains inadequately understood. This study investigates the adhesive wear behavior and material transfer mechanisms of a multi-asperity interface in dry friction conditions, focusing on an alumina/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite. By applying Rabinowicz's critical size criterion and Monte Carlo simulations, we analyzed the statistical wear characteristics of asperities. Our findings indicate that the simulated wear coefficient approximates 10<sup>−4</sup>, aligning well with experimental values. Additionally, the asperity size, material property, and their distribution strongly affect polymer wear behavior and material flow during the steady-state wear period. This research offers novel insights into the complex interactions at dry friction interfaces, paving the way for optimized material design and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206076
Tong Pan , Xiaoying Li , Zhenxue Zhang , Yepeng Yang , Chuang Liu , Guanxiong Qiao , He Huang , Hanshan Dong
A novel surface engineering technique has been developed to integrate bulk solution treatment with Catalytic Ceramic Conversion Treatment (C3T) to enhance the tribological performance of low-cost beta (LCB) titanium alloy (Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al). This new integrated technique can effectively address the technical limitation of low bonding strength at the oxide layer-matrix interface formed by the previous combination of solution treatment with conventional Ceramic Conversion Treatment (C2T). Reciprocating pin-on-disc sliding wear tests were performed against WC balls under dry conditions. Computational analyses of electronic structure changes and post-examination of the surface structure were conducted to investigate the catalytic mechanism of gold. Profilometry-based Indentation Plastometry (PIP) was carried out to assess the impact of surface treatment on the bulk material properties.
Experimental results demonstrate that the wear resistance of the LCB titanium alloy can be improved by approximately 200 times by the new C3T; the oxide layer is 20 times thicker than that of the C2T-treated samples; the coefficient of friction decreased from 0.4 to 0.8 for untreated samples to 0.1–0.2 for the C3T treated samples. The typical wear mechanism of titanium, characterised by severe adhesive wear, is replaced by mild abrasive wear for C3T treated LCB titanium alloy when sliding against WC balls in air; and delamination wear caused by weak interface bonding in conventional C2T-treated surface is eliminated. Interestingly, the pre-addition of a gold film decreased the surface hardness while improving the wear resistance, and acting as a lubricant in the tribological process, particularly under low loads due to the soft and chemically stable nature of gold.
{"title":"A novel surface engineering technique for improving tribological performance of low-cost beta titanium alloy","authors":"Tong Pan , Xiaoying Li , Zhenxue Zhang , Yepeng Yang , Chuang Liu , Guanxiong Qiao , He Huang , Hanshan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel surface engineering technique has been developed to integrate bulk solution treatment with Catalytic Ceramic Conversion Treatment (C3T) to enhance the tribological performance of low-cost beta (LCB) titanium alloy (Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al). This new integrated technique can effectively address the technical limitation of low bonding strength at the oxide layer-matrix interface formed by the previous combination of solution treatment with conventional Ceramic Conversion Treatment (C2T). Reciprocating pin-on-disc sliding wear tests were performed against WC balls under dry conditions. Computational analyses of electronic structure changes and post-examination of the surface structure were conducted to investigate the catalytic mechanism of gold. Profilometry-based Indentation Plastometry (PIP) was carried out to assess the impact of surface treatment on the bulk material properties.</div><div>Experimental results demonstrate that the wear resistance of the LCB titanium alloy can be improved by approximately 200 times by the new C3T; the oxide layer is 20 times thicker than that of the C2T-treated samples; the coefficient of friction decreased from 0.4 to 0.8 for untreated samples to 0.1–0.2 for the C3T treated samples. The typical wear mechanism of titanium, characterised by severe adhesive wear, is replaced by mild abrasive wear for C3T treated LCB titanium alloy when sliding against WC balls in air; and delamination wear caused by weak interface bonding in conventional C2T-treated surface is eliminated. Interestingly, the pre-addition of a gold film decreased the surface hardness while improving the wear resistance, and acting as a lubricant in the tribological process, particularly under low loads due to the soft and chemically stable nature of gold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206076"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206073
Vanessa Montoya , Ali Zayaan Macknojia , Hamidreza Mohseni , Thomas D. Kasprow , Diana Berman
Wear-resistant diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are widely used in industrial, biomedical, and automotive applications. However, their tribological performance across different environmental conditions, particularly during transitions between humid and dry environments, remains poorly understood. This study examines the tribological performance of WC/C-based DLC coatings under varying loads, temperatures, and environmental conditions. The results indicate that wear remained consistent at room temperature and 100 °C but increased with higher loads and temperatures. Elevated temperatures, particularly in dry conditions, were associated with greater disorder and partial graphitization of the coating, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. The lower friction and wear observed in humid environment were connected to the presence of oxygen that assisted in preserving the structure of the coating. Indeed, the tests conducted in dry oxygen atmosphere confirmed lower friction and prolonged lifetime of the coating. The coating's performance in humid and dry environments highlights the importance of considering environmental factors in real-world applications.
{"title":"Tribological performance of WC/C-based DLC coatings under high temperature in dry and humid conditions","authors":"Vanessa Montoya , Ali Zayaan Macknojia , Hamidreza Mohseni , Thomas D. Kasprow , Diana Berman","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear-resistant diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are widely used in industrial, biomedical, and automotive applications. However, their tribological performance across different environmental conditions, particularly during transitions between humid and dry environments, remains poorly understood. This study examines the tribological performance of WC/C-based DLC coatings under varying loads, temperatures, and environmental conditions. The results indicate that wear remained consistent at room temperature and 100 °C but increased with higher loads and temperatures. Elevated temperatures, particularly in dry conditions, were associated with greater disorder and partial graphitization of the coating, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. The lower friction and wear observed in humid environment were connected to the presence of oxygen that assisted in preserving the structure of the coating. Indeed, the tests conducted in dry oxygen atmosphere confirmed lower friction and prolonged lifetime of the coating. The coating's performance in humid and dry environments highlights the importance of considering environmental factors in real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206073"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206071
Chunyu Li , Minghan Yang , Bingsan Chen , Yongchao Xu , Xiaoyu Yan
In order to enhance the surface quality of Ti6Al4V workpieces and overcome the problems of work-hardening and ablation phenomena that exist in conventional machining, magnetorheological polishing method is introduced to improve the surface quality of additively molded Ti6Al4V. In this study, the tribological removal behavior of additively fabricated Ti6Al4V alloys at the nanoscale is systematically revealed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with magnetorheological polishing (MRP) experiments and nano-scratch tests. A joint EAM-Tersoff-Morse potential function model was used to simulate the interfacial interaction between SiC abrasive particles and Ti6Al4V workpieces, and to analyze the effects of sliding parameters on the temperature field, force field, and subsurface damage. The experimental results show that the surface roughness decreases and then increases with increasing pressure, the material removal rate continues to increase with increasing pressure, and the residual stress decreases by 76.75 %.The MD simulation shows that the increase of the abrasive grain sliding depth leads to the increase of the surface atomic displacement, the thickening of the subsurface damage layer, and the decrease of the dislocation density with the increase of the sliding speed. The nano-scratch experiments verified the law of friction increasing with pressure in the simulation, and revealed that the friction coefficient varied nonlinearly at high speeds due to thermal effects. The simulations and experiments are highly consistent with each other in terms of surface roughness, material removal rate and residual stress trends. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the MRP process parameters, which is of great significance in guiding the surface treatment of aerospace precision components and medical implants.
{"title":"Nanoscale understanding of the tribological removal behaviors for additive-fabricated Ti6Al4V alloy under the magnetorheological polishing","authors":"Chunyu Li , Minghan Yang , Bingsan Chen , Yongchao Xu , Xiaoyu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to enhance the surface quality of Ti6Al4V workpieces and overcome the problems of work-hardening and ablation phenomena that exist in conventional machining, magnetorheological polishing method is introduced to improve the surface quality of additively molded Ti6Al4V. In this study, the tribological removal behavior of additively fabricated Ti6Al4V alloys at the nanoscale is systematically revealed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with magnetorheological polishing (MRP) experiments and nano-scratch tests. A joint EAM-Tersoff-Morse potential function model was used to simulate the interfacial interaction between SiC abrasive particles and Ti6Al4V workpieces, and to analyze the effects of sliding parameters on the temperature field, force field, and subsurface damage. The experimental results show that the surface roughness decreases and then increases with increasing pressure, the material removal rate continues to increase with increasing pressure, and the residual stress decreases by 76.75 %.The MD simulation shows that the increase of the abrasive grain sliding depth leads to the increase of the surface atomic displacement, the thickening of the subsurface damage layer, and the decrease of the dislocation density with the increase of the sliding speed. The nano-scratch experiments verified the law of friction increasing with pressure in the simulation, and revealed that the friction coefficient varied nonlinearly at high speeds due to thermal effects. The simulations and experiments are highly consistent with each other in terms of surface roughness, material removal rate and residual stress trends. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the MRP process parameters, which is of great significance in guiding the surface treatment of aerospace precision components and medical implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206071"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206075
Xin You , Pengyu Lin , Junjie Song , Yin Du , Haifeng Wang , Tao Li , Wei Zhou , Yunfeng Su , Yongsheng Zhang , Litian Hu
The limited wear resistance of multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) over a wide temperature range seriously restricts its further development and application. Though introducing a hard phase into the RMPEAs matrix is considered to be a common strategy to relief this contradiction, the brittleness of the hard phase and resulting heterogeneous interfaces often lead to unstable failure under prolonged wear conditions. In this work, a strong and deformable (Ti,Zr)3Al-type α2 phase was formed into Ti50Zr30Nb10Al10 RMPEAs through hot pressing and aging treatments to achieve robust wear performance over a wide temperature range, resulting in decreased wear rates and coefficient of friction of ∼50 % and ∼20 %, respectively. Based on the action of alternating frictional stress, multiple slip systems in the α2 phase are activated at room temperature. The good load-bearing and deformation capabilities of α2 phase are maintained up to 600 °C, thereby providing decreased wear rates form 17.3 × 10−4 mm3/Nm to 9.2 × 10−4 mm3/Nm. At higher temperatures (900 °C), the optimized alloy achieves the lowest wear rate of 0.6 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, which can be attributed to the Hall-Petch strengthening effect introduced by hot pressing and the protection of a dense oxide layer. These observations provide valuable insights for the design of superior wear-resistant RMPAs.
{"title":"Achieving an effective increase in wear resistance over a wide temperature range for Ti50Zr30Nb10Al10 refractory multi-principal element alloy: The introduction of a robust and deformable α2 phase","authors":"Xin You , Pengyu Lin , Junjie Song , Yin Du , Haifeng Wang , Tao Li , Wei Zhou , Yunfeng Su , Yongsheng Zhang , Litian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited wear resistance of multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) over a wide temperature range seriously restricts its further development and application. Though introducing a hard phase into the RMPEAs matrix is considered to be a common strategy to relief this contradiction, the brittleness of the hard phase and resulting heterogeneous interfaces often lead to unstable failure under prolonged wear conditions. In this work, a strong and deformable (Ti,Zr)<sub>3</sub>Al-type α2 phase was formed into Ti<sub>50</sub>Zr<sub>30</sub>Nb<sub>10</sub>Al<sub>10</sub> RMPEAs through hot pressing and aging treatments to achieve robust wear performance over a wide temperature range, resulting in decreased wear rates and coefficient of friction of ∼50 % and ∼20 %, respectively. Based on the action of alternating frictional stress, multiple slip systems in the α2 phase are activated at room temperature. The good load-bearing and deformation capabilities of α2 phase are maintained up to 600 °C, thereby providing decreased wear rates form 17.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm to 9.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm. At higher temperatures (900 °C), the optimized alloy achieves the lowest wear rate of 0.6 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, which can be attributed to the Hall-Petch strengthening effect introduced by hot pressing and the protection of a dense oxide layer. These observations provide valuable insights for the design of superior wear-resistant RMPAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206068
Zihan Guo , Jianchun Fan , Yunpeng Yang , Weijian Chen , Siwei Dai
Erosion in high-pressure manifolds is a common failure mode and can cause punctures under fluctuating loads, leading to significant safety risks and economic losses. To timely predict and prevent the dangers caused by erosion, erosion tests involving the fluctuating stress were conducted, and a new erosion model suitable for higher internal pressure environments was proposed based on the experimental data and four erosion models. The model was then applied to simulate the erosion behavior of elbows. The results indicate that the erosion rate increases with loading frequency and amplitude at higher stress, with stress significantly exacerbating erosion. The critical particle size for a shift in erosion distribution is found to be 200 μm. This work enhances the accuracy of erosion predictions in fluctuating stress environments.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on erosion of elbows under high-pressure fluctuating loads","authors":"Zihan Guo , Jianchun Fan , Yunpeng Yang , Weijian Chen , Siwei Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Erosion in high-pressure manifolds is a common failure mode and can cause punctures under fluctuating loads, leading to significant safety risks and economic losses. To timely predict and prevent the dangers caused by erosion, erosion tests involving the fluctuating stress were conducted, and a new erosion model suitable for higher internal pressure environments was proposed based on the experimental data and four erosion models. The model was then applied to simulate the erosion behavior of elbows. The results indicate that the erosion rate increases with loading frequency and amplitude at higher stress, with stress significantly exacerbating erosion. The critical particle size for a shift in erosion distribution is found to be 200 μm. This work enhances the accuracy of erosion predictions in fluctuating stress environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206067
Mobeen Haneef , Manuel Evaristo , Liuquan Yang , Ardian Morina , Bruno Trindade
Two sets of DLC coatings, doped with identical Mg concentrations (6–15 at.%) but exhibiting different monolayer and multilayer microstructures, were deposited via DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) with varying substrate rotational speeds. The investigation focused mainly on the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the coatings. The multilayer coatings demonstrated superior mechanical performance compared to their monolayer counterparts. Specifically, the multilayer coating with 6.1 at.% Mg exhibited a 46 % improvement in reduced modulus and a 26 % increase in hardness compared to monolayer coatings. Furthermore, the multilayer coating with 15 at.% Mg significantly reduced wear on both the disc and ball during testing with a synthetic oil containing an ashless, sulphur-free anti-wear phosphate ester additive with an amine group in its chemical structure.
{"title":"Wear control and friction reduction in newly developed multilayer Mg-DLC coatings using organic base oil and sustainable lubrication additives","authors":"Mobeen Haneef , Manuel Evaristo , Liuquan Yang , Ardian Morina , Bruno Trindade","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two sets of DLC coatings, doped with identical Mg concentrations (6–15 at.%) but exhibiting different monolayer and multilayer microstructures, were deposited via DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) with varying substrate rotational speeds. The investigation focused mainly on the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the coatings. The multilayer coatings demonstrated superior mechanical performance compared to their monolayer counterparts. Specifically, the multilayer coating with 6.1 at.% Mg exhibited a 46 % improvement in reduced modulus and a 26 % increase in hardness compared to monolayer coatings. Furthermore, the multilayer coating with 15 at.% Mg significantly reduced wear on both the disc and ball during testing with a synthetic oil containing an ashless, sulphur-free anti-wear phosphate ester additive with an amine group in its chemical structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance against Si3N4 ball of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites modified with 2 wt% Al, 2 wt% Ti, and varying nano-hBN contents. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was employed to achieve grain refinement, the formation of Cr2B and TiN phases, and improved hardness and yield strength. The composites demonstrated exceptional wear resistance, especially at elevated temperatures. At 900 °C, a continuous oxide layer enhanced wear protection, while at room temperature (RT), the hBN lubrication film reduced wear. The 0.5 wt% hBN composite exhibited optimal performance, combining reduced wear rates, improved mechanical properties, and a consistent tribological response across a wide temperature range.
{"title":"Enhanced microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of Al, Ti, and nano-hBN-modified CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy composites at elevated temperatures","authors":"Wenbo Ma , Yubo Zhao , Magdalena Łępicka , Oleksandr Tisov","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance against Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ball of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites modified with 2 wt% Al, 2 wt% Ti, and varying nano-hBN contents. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was employed to achieve grain refinement, the formation of Cr<sub>2</sub>B and TiN phases, and improved hardness and yield strength. The composites demonstrated exceptional wear resistance, especially at elevated temperatures. At 900 °C, a continuous oxide layer enhanced wear protection, while at room temperature (RT), the hBN lubrication film reduced wear. The 0.5 wt% hBN composite exhibited optimal performance, combining reduced wear rates, improved mechanical properties, and a consistent tribological response across a wide temperature range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206055"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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