Wear最新文献

英文中文

Tribo-oxidation mechanism of gradient nanostructured Inconel 625 alloy during high-temperature wear 梯度纳米结构 Inconel 625 合金在高温磨损过程中的三氧化机制

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205581

The tribo-oxidation layer is typically formed at the contact interface of high temperature wear, which exhibits a significant effect on the friction behavior of gradient nanostructured (GNS) materials. This study systematically investigated the wear resistance, near-surface microstructure, and compositional changes of ultra-thick GNS Inconel 625 alloy subjected to surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) under high-temperature sliding wear conditions. The experimental results indicated that as the temperature increased to 500 °C, a tribo-oxidation layer was formed on the surface of the GNS sample, thereby resulting in an abnormal increase in the coefficient of friction (COF) and a rapid decrease in the wear rate. The gradient nanostructures facilitated oxidation diffusion channels, promoting the formation of a protective Cr₂O₃ film and spinel oxides, reducing the wear rate. At lower temperatures, a rapidly formed Cr₂O₃ film shielded the matrix, forming a tribo-oxidation layer composed of Cr₂O₃ and nickel. At 800 °C, the tribo-oxidation layer exhibited complex structures, including glaze, spinel oxide, Cr₂O₃, and Cr₂O₃/Ni mixed layers. This complexity was attributable to the oxidation diffusion rate of the gradient nanostructures and tribo-oxide layers. The findings not only elucidated the tribo-oxidation mechanism of GNS nickel-based superalloys but also offered valuable insights for designing wear-resistant materials.

三氧化层通常形成于高温磨损的接触界面，对梯度纳米结构（GNS）材料的摩擦行为有显著影响。本研究系统地研究了在高温滑动磨损条件下进行表面机械滚动处理（SMRT）的超厚 GNS Inconel 625 合金的耐磨性、近表面微观结构和成分变化。实验结果表明，当温度升高到 500 ℃ 时，GNS 样品表面形成了三氧化层，从而导致摩擦系数（COF）异常增大，磨损率迅速降低。梯度纳米结构促进了氧化扩散通道，促进了保护性 Cr2O3 膜和尖晶石氧化物的形成，降低了磨损率。在较低温度下，迅速形成的 Cr2O3 膜对基体起保护作用，形成由 Cr2O3 和镍组成的三氧化层。800 °C 时，三氧化层呈现出复杂的结构，包括釉层、尖晶石氧化物、Cr2O3 和 Cr2O3/Ni 混合层。这种复杂性可归因于梯度纳米结构和三氧化层的氧化扩散速度。研究结果不仅阐明了 GNS 镍基超合金的三氧化机制，还为设计耐磨材料提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Synergetic enhancement of wear resistance of polyimide coatings through the integration of MoS2 nanoflowers and MXene nanosheets 通过整合 MoS2 纳米花和 MXene 纳米片协同增强聚酰亚胺涂层的耐磨性

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205584

Composite nano-lubricating fillers have attracted much attention due to their excellent synergistic effect. In this study, MoS₂ nanoflowers composed of two-dimensional nanosheets were synthesized by precise control of hydrothermal conditions. Using the "bridging" effect of dopamine, the flower-like MoS₂ was assembled with MXene to form a unique compound filler. This distinctive structure perfectly retained the shape of the MoS₂ flower. The impacts of compound fillers on the thermodynamic, mechanistic, and frictional properties of polyimide (PI) coatings were scrutinized. The formation of the compound fillers between MXene and MoS₂ effectively improve the interface compatibility of individual materials in the PI matrix. The compound fillers can enhance the thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of PI. It is noteworthy that the frictional coefficient of the PI/(MoS₂:MXene = 4:6) compound coating decreased by 47.2 %, and the attrition rate reduced by 98.5 % compared to the pure PI coating. The compound lubricating filler prepared by the combination of two types of two-dimensional lubrication fillers has an important application prospect in the field of wear resistance of polymer materials.

复合纳米润滑填料因其卓越的协同效应而备受关注。本研究通过精确控制水热条件，合成了由二维纳米片组成的 MoS2 纳米花。利用多巴胺的 "桥接 "效应，花状 MoS2 与 MXene 组装成一种独特的复合填料。这种独特的结构完美地保留了 MoS2 花朵的形状。复合填料对聚酰亚胺（PI）涂层的热力学、机械和摩擦性能的影响得到了仔细研究。在 MXene 和 MoS2 之间形成的复合填料有效地改善了聚酰亚胺基体中各种材料的界面相容性。复合填料可以提高聚酰亚胺涂层的热力学稳定性和机械性能。值得注意的是，与纯聚氨酯涂层相比，聚氨酯/（MoS2:MXene = 4:6）复合涂层的摩擦系数降低了 47.2%，损耗率降低了 98.5%。由两种二维润滑填料组合制备的复合润滑填料在聚合物材料的耐磨性领域具有重要的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism analysis and prediction of bull-nose cutter wear in multi-axis milling of Ti6Al4V with TiAlN coated inserts 使用 TiAlN 涂层刀片多轴铣削 Ti6Al4V 时牛鼻子铣刀磨损的机理分析与预测

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205580

Cutter wear is an unavoidable issue during the milling of difficult-to-machine materials such as Ti6Al4V, which severely affects cutting performance and surface quality. Especially in multi-axis milling, the complex and irregular contact area between cutter and workpiece increases the difficulty of wear prediction. This paper proposes a flank wear prediction model of bull-nose cutter in the multi-axis milling process of Ti6Al4V with TiAlN coated inserts. The cutter workpiece engagement (CWE) zone is analyzed and the wear contact length of cutting edge is obtained, which reveals the uneven distribution characteristics of flank wear. After that, by analyzing the geometric profile properties of cutter wear in multi-axis milling, abrasive and adhesive wear, a flank wear prediction model that takes coating hardness and cutting temperature model into account is established. The proposed model is calibrated and validated by the multi-axis milling experiment of Ti6Al4V with TiAlN coated inserts. The results show that the novel wear model has high accuracy with an average percentage error of 12.76 % and can accurately and quickly predict flank wear in multi-axis milling of Ti6Al4V. Finally, the cutter wear mechanism and chip formation are analyzed, which show that the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear and adhesive wear, and there was no obvious oxidation wear.

刀具磨损是铣削难加工材料（如 Ti6Al4V）时不可避免的问题，严重影响切削性能和表面质量。特别是在多轴铣削中，刀具与工件之间的接触区域复杂且不规则，增加了磨损预测的难度。本文提出了使用 TiAlN 涂层刀片对 Ti6Al4V 进行多轴铣削过程中牛鼻子铣刀侧面磨损预测模型。分析了刀具工件啮合（CWE）区，得到了切削刃的磨损接触长度，揭示了侧面磨损的不均匀分布特征。随后，通过分析多轴铣削中刀具磨损的几何轮廓特性、磨料磨损和粘着磨损，建立了一个考虑涂层硬度和切削温度模型的刀面磨损预测模型。通过使用 TiAlN 涂层刀片对 Ti6Al4V 进行多轴铣削实验，对所提出的模型进行了校准和验证。结果表明，新的磨损模型具有较高的精度，平均百分比误差为 12.76%，能够准确快速地预测 Ti6Al4V 多轴铣削过程中的侧面磨损。最后，对刀具磨损机理和切屑形成进行了分析，结果表明主要磨损机理是磨料磨损和粘着磨损，没有明显的氧化磨损。

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引用次数: 0

Improved corrosion resistance and tribological properties of MXene/NCDs coatings on the Ti6Al4V alloys 改善 Ti6Al4V 合金上 MXene/NCDs 涂层的耐腐蚀性和摩擦学特性

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205540

The poor tribological performances of titanium alloy as bone implants has important influence on its implantation failure. In this investigation, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs) modified MXene (MXene/NCDs) composite coatings with “dual-action” effects were meticulously fabricated on the Ti6Al4V surface through grafting silane coupling agent and dopamine adhesion layers via chemical self-assembly techniques. The friction coefficient and wear rate of MXene/NCDs coated titanium alloy in SBF lubricant significantly decreased by 31.7 %and 91.6 %, might due to the double effect of MXene sheet slipping and NCDs rolling. Furthermore, the enhanced anticorrosion properties of MXene/NCDs coating were attributed to the ionic reaction between the surface of coating and SBF, effective shielding mechanism against the infiltration of active ions within the solution, indicated that the coating is expected to be applied in artificial joint system.

钛合金作为骨植入物的摩擦学性能较差，这对其植入失败有重要影响。本研究通过化学自组装技术在 Ti6Al4V 表面接枝硅烷偶联剂和多巴胺粘附层，精心制作了具有 "双效 "效应的氮掺杂碳量子点修饰 MXene（MXene/NCDs）复合涂层。MXene/NCDs涂层钛合金在SBF润滑剂中的摩擦系数和磨损率分别显著降低了31.7%和91.6%，这可能是由于MXene薄片滑动和NCDs滚动的双重作用。此外，MXene/NCDs 涂层防腐性能的增强还归因于涂层表面与 SBF 之间的离子反应，它能有效屏蔽溶液中活性离子的渗入，这表明该涂层有望应用于人工关节系统。

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the impact of corrosion inhibitors on grinding process efficiency 评估缓蚀剂对研磨工艺效率的影响

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205579

The grinding process is widely used in industry because it provides surface finishing, dimensional, and geometric precision. However, the conventional flood lubricooling method harms operator health and the environment. As a result, alternative methods with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) have emerged. While these methods show promise, they lack auxiliary systems like wheel cleaning jet (WCJ) and cooled wheel cleaning jet (CWCJ). Thus, this study aims to enhance alternative methods by analyzing the grinding of hardened AISI 4340 steel using four lubricooling fluids: Base fluid, Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI), VCI Low Cost (VCI LC), and VCI Extreme Pressure (VCI EP). Collected parameters include surface roughness, roundness error, wheel wear, grinding power, pollution, and cost. A profilometer analyzed the machined surfaces and grinding wheel. Results show corrosion inhibitors can improve workpiece quality but exhibit divergent outcomes across different parameters.

磨削工艺在工业中得到广泛应用，因为它能提供表面精加工、尺寸和几何精度。然而，传统的洪流润滑法会损害操作员的健康和环境。因此，采用最小量润滑 (MQL) 的替代方法应运而生。虽然这些方法很有前途，但它们缺乏辅助系统，如车轮清洁喷射器（WCJ）和冷却车轮清洁喷射器（CWCJ）。因此，本研究旨在通过分析使用四种润滑液（基础液、挥发性缓蚀剂 (VCI)、VCI 低成本 (VCI LC) 和 VCI 极压 (VCI EP)）磨削淬硬 AISI 4340 钢的情况，改进替代方法。收集的参数包括表面粗糙度、圆度误差、砂轮磨损、磨削功率、污染和成本。轮廓仪对加工表面和砂轮进行了分析。结果表明，缓蚀剂可提高工件质量，但不同参数的缓蚀效果各不相同。

引用次数: 0

Prediction and analysis of wheel flange wear on small curved track considering wheel-rail conformal and lubricated contact 考虑轮轨保形和润滑接触的小弯曲轨道上车轮轮缘磨损预测与分析

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205569

Wheel flange wear on curved tracks is a significant issue that poses a threat to the safety of rail vehicles and leads to increased maintenance costs for railway operators. This study aims to develop a numerical model to predict wheel flange wear on small radius curves. The model integrates an efficient wheel-rail conformal contact model with laboratory-tested wear coefficients. By using virtual penetration and influence coefficients for conformal geometries, the model accurately simulates the conformal contact between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner. The validity of the wheel flange wear prediction model is confirmed through field tracking testing. Using the proposed model, the effects of track layout parameters and solid lubricants on wheel flange wear are investigated. This study provides theoretical guidance for the operation and maintenance of the wheel-rail system to reduce wear.

弯曲轨道上的车轮轮缘磨损是一个重大问题，对轨道车辆的安全构成威胁，并导致铁路运营商的维护成本增加。本研究旨在开发一种数值模型，用于预测小半径曲线上的轮缘磨损。该模型集成了高效的轮轨保形接触模型和实验室测试的磨损系数。通过使用保形几何的虚拟穿透和影响系数，该模型准确地模拟了车轮轮缘与轨距角之间的保形接触。轮缘磨损预测模型的有效性通过现场跟踪测试得到了证实。利用提出的模型，研究了轨道布局参数和固体润滑剂对车轮轮缘磨损的影响。这项研究为轮轨系统的运行和维护提供了理论指导，以减少磨损。

引用次数: 0

Effect of particle impact on spatial and temporal erosion characteristics of turboshaft engine compressor 颗粒冲击对涡轮轴发动机压气机空间和时间侵蚀特性的影响

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205578

When turboshaft engines operate in dusty environments, particulate matter erodes the compressor blades, which may leads to structural damage and presents a severe threat to the operational reliability and safety of helicopters. The aim of this study is to determine the erosion characteristics of compressor blades and how it changes with time. Particle velocimetry and erosive experiments were conducted to obtain the SiO₂ particle velocity and the erosion rate of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Based on the measured data, the parameters of the Tabakoff erosion model have been refined, which is critical for establishing a transient erosion model for the 1.5-stage compressor of a turboshaft engine that accounts for the effect of particle erosion time. Simulation results show that the motion behavior of particles exhibits changing patterns at different time intervals, which leads to variations in the erosion area and erosion rate of the compressor. The erosion area and rate on blades increase nonlinearly with time. In some locations, when erosion time increases, the erosion area and erosion rate also increase. While, in other locations, the erosion area and erosion rate hardly change with time. The maximum erosion rates increased by 27.3 %, 28.6 %, and 87.2 % for the guide blades, 42.9 %, 69.6 %, and 84.0 % for the rotor blades, and 69.0 %, 103.6 %, and 142.8 % for the stator blades at 0.50s, 0.75s, and 1.00s, respectively, in comparison to 0.25s.

涡轮轴发动机在多尘环境中工作时，颗粒物质会侵蚀压气机叶片，从而可能导致结构损坏，对直升机的运行可靠性和安全性构成严重威胁。本研究旨在确定压缩机叶片的侵蚀特征及其随时间的变化情况。通过粒子测速仪和侵蚀实验，获得了二氧化硅粒子速度和 Ti-6Al-4V 钛合金的侵蚀速率。根据测量数据，完善了 Tabakoff 侵蚀模型的参数，这对于为涡轮轴发动机的 1.5 级压气机建立考虑到颗粒侵蚀时间影响的瞬态侵蚀模型至关重要。仿真结果表明，颗粒的运动行为在不同的时间间隔内表现出不同的模式，从而导致压气机的侵蚀面积和侵蚀速率发生变化。叶片上的侵蚀面积和侵蚀速率随时间呈非线性增长。在某些位置，当侵蚀时间增加时，侵蚀面积和侵蚀率也会增加。而在其他位置，侵蚀面积和侵蚀率几乎不随时间变化。与 0.25 秒相比，在 0.50 秒、0.75 秒和 1.00 秒时，导向叶片的最大侵蚀率分别增加了 27.3 %、28.6 % 和 87.2 %，转子叶片的最大侵蚀率分别增加了 42.9 %、69.6 % 和 84.0 %，定子叶片的最大侵蚀率分别增加了 69.0 %、103.6 % 和 142.8 %。

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引用次数: 0

Tool wear of DLC coating as top-layered to CrN, TiAlSiN, TiAlN coatings in machining of steel and aluminum alloys 在加工钢和铝合金时，DLC 涂层作为 CrN、TiAlSiN、TiAlN 涂层的面层的刀具磨损情况

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205574

This study investigates the tribological performance of DLC top-layered coatings applied to surfaces of tools coated with CrN, TiAlSiN, and TiAlN. Double-layered coated tools (DLC/CrN, DLC/TiAlSiN, and DLC/TiAlN) were evaluated against single-layered (CrN, TiAlSiN, and TiAlN) and uncoated carbide cutting tools. The coatings were applied using the HiPIMS technique. Machining through orthogonal cutting under dry friction conditions with constant cutting parameters (240 rev/min speed, 2 mm cutting depth, 0.15 rev/mm feed rate) was performed on materials with soft ductile (aluminum) and hard, brittle (steel) characteristics. The coated tools exhibited approximately 20–30 % reductions in interface temperature, workpiece roughness, and chip thickness. The DLC top-layered coatings improved tool durability for machining both ductile and brittle materials, as evidenced in Raman analysis. Among the DLC coatings, DLC/TiAlN demonstrated the highest wear resistance and enhanced tool life, as confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis.

本研究调查了在涂有 CrN、TiAlSiN 和 TiAlN 的工具表面上使用 DLC 表层涂层的摩擦学性能。双层涂层工具（DLC/CrN、DLC/TiAlSiN 和 DLC/TiAlN）与单层涂层（CrN、TiAlSiN 和 TiAlN）和未涂层硬质合金切削工具进行了对比评估。涂层采用了 HiPIMS 技术。在干摩擦条件下，以恒定的切削参数（转速 240 转/分钟，切削深度 2 毫米，进给速度 0.15 转/毫米）通过正交切削对具有软延展性（铝）和硬脆性（钢）特征的材料进行了加工。涂层刀具的界面温度、工件粗糙度和切屑厚度降低了约 20-30%。拉曼分析表明，DLC 表层涂层提高了刀具在加工韧性和脆性材料时的耐用性。SEM-EDS 分析证实，在 DLC 涂层中，DLC/TiAlN 的耐磨性最高，刀具寿命也更长。

引用次数: 0

Study of fretting wear mechanisms of complete contacts 完整触头的摩擦磨损机理研究

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205577

The Ti-6Al-4V fretting wear of complete contacts on a proving ring-like rig is investigated in this paper. Under this contact configuration, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibited distinctive fretting wear behaviors. Especially in the continuous wear zones of the fretting specimen and pad, a paired continuous pit and peak were formed, respectively, and moved inward as the continuous wear zones expanded. To explain these fretting wear behaviors of the fretting configuration, a novel phenomenological fretting wear model is proposed in this paper. Additionally, due to the failure of the conventional FE method with a constant wear coefficient to simulate the fretting wear, a new local wear coefficient model, which is position-dependent and time-dependent fretting, is also proposed in this paper.

本文研究了 Ti-6Al-4V 在验证环状钻机上的完全接触的摩擦磨损。在这种接触配置下，Ti-6Al-4V 合金表现出独特的烧蚀磨损行为。特别是在试样和焊盘的连续磨损区，分别形成了成对的连续凹坑和峰值，并随着连续磨损区的扩大而向内移动。为了解释这些摩擦磨损行为，本文提出了一种新的现象学摩擦磨损模型。此外，由于恒定磨损系数的传统 FE 方法无法模拟摩擦磨损，本文还提出了一种新的局部磨损系数模型，即位置依赖性和时间依赖性摩擦模型。

引用次数: 0

The Behaviour of carbon quantum dots and cryogenic cooling in turning of super duplex F 53 steel 碳量子点和低温冷却在超级双相钢 F 53 车削中的行为

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205575

The objective of this research is to examine how various cooling and lubrication techniques affect the machinability of Duplex F53 steel when turning it, with particular attention to residual stress, surface roughness, chip morphology, tool wear, machining temperature, and crystallographic structures. According to the microstructure analysis, the presence of additional austenite grains at high temperatures during dry machining results in an increase in hardness. On the other hand, cooling techniques including liquid nitrogen (LN₂), carbon Quantum dots with SQL (CD), and oil with small quantity lubrication (OSQL) produce larger ferrite grains, which lower hardness. According to residual stress analysis, the high temperatures during dry cutting result in increased strains, which are successfully mitigated by lubrication. The two-phase microstructure has a crucial influence in mechanical characteristics, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, wherein finer grains improve surface polish but demand more energy. Measuring surface roughness (Ra) reveals that adhesion wears during dry machining raises Ra, while OSQL and LN₂ cooling lower Ra and improve surface quality. Tool performance is negatively impacted by high machining temperatures. Cutting temperatures and friction are greatly reduced by LN₂ cooling. Dry machining increases tool wear because of the high temperatures and absence of lubrication; OSQL and CD lower wear rates, while LN₂ offers the best protection for tools. Thinner, better-separated chips are produced by effective lubrication in OSQL and LN₂, while thicker, more deformed chips are produced by dry machining, according to chip morphology and thickness analyses. The study leads to the conclusion that super duplex steel's surface quality, tool life, and machinability can all be significantly enhanced by carbon quantum dots and cryogenic cooling.

本研究的目的是探讨在车削双相 F53 钢时，各种冷却和润滑技术如何影响其可加工性，尤其关注残余应力、表面粗糙度、切屑形态、刀具磨损、加工温度和晶体结构。根据微观结构分析，在干式加工过程中，高温下额外奥氏体晶粒的存在会导致硬度增加。另一方面，包括液氮（LN2）、SQL 碳量子点（CD）和少量润滑油（OSQL）在内的冷却技术会产生较大的铁素体晶粒，从而降低硬度。根据残余应力分析，干切削过程中的高温导致应变增加，而润滑成功地缓解了这一问题。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 研究表明，两相微观结构对机械特性有着至关重要的影响，其中较细的晶粒可提高表面光洁度，但需要更多能量。测量表面粗糙度（Ra）发现，干加工过程中的附着磨损会提高 Ra，而 OSQL 和 LN2 冷却会降低 Ra 并改善表面质量。加工温度过高会对刀具性能产生负面影响。LN2 冷却可大大降低切削温度和摩擦。由于高温和缺乏润滑，干式加工会增加刀具磨损；OSQL 和 CD 可降低磨损率，而 LN2 可为刀具提供最佳保护。根据切屑形态和厚度分析，OSQL 和 LN2 中的有效润滑会产生更薄、分离度更好的切屑，而干式加工则会产生更厚、变形更大的切屑。研究得出的结论是，超级双相钢的表面质量、刀具寿命和可加工性都可以通过碳量子点和低温冷却得到显著提高。

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