Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206005
Dapeng Gu , Guanqun Wang , Siyuan Gao , Bingchao Yang , Suwen Chen , Hongtao Luo
In this paper, the B4C@SiO2 core-shell structure was prepared by the ‘sol-gel’ method. It is combined with few layers black phosphrous (FLBP) of different sizes obtained by ball milling to prepare B4C@SiO2/BP composite. The effects of black phosphorus (BP) sizes, sintering temperatures, times, pressures and transient liquid phase types on the dry tribological properties of B4C@SiO2/BP composites were studied in a ball-on-disc contact form. The results indicated that as the size of BP decreased, the friction coefficient of the B4C@SiO2/BP composite gradually increased while the wear rate decreased and tended to the tribological properties of the B4C@SiO2 composite. In addition, when the added amount of BP exceeded the threshold, it would lead to deterioration of tribological properties.
{"title":"Effects of different cold sintering conditions on dry tribological properties of B4C@SiO2/BP composites","authors":"Dapeng Gu , Guanqun Wang , Siyuan Gao , Bingchao Yang , Suwen Chen , Hongtao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the B<sub>4</sub>C@SiO<sub>2</sub> core-shell structure was prepared by the ‘sol-gel’ method. It is combined with few layers black phosphrous (FLBP) of different sizes obtained by ball milling to prepare B<sub>4</sub>C@SiO<sub>2</sub>/BP composite. The effects of black phosphorus (BP) sizes, sintering temperatures, times, pressures and transient liquid phase types on the dry tribological properties of B<sub>4</sub>C@SiO<sub>2</sub>/BP composites were studied in a ball-on-disc contact form. The results indicated that as the size of BP decreased, the friction coefficient of the B<sub>4</sub>C@SiO<sub>2</sub>/BP composite gradually increased while the wear rate decreased and tended to the tribological properties of the B<sub>4</sub>C@SiO<sub>2</sub> composite. In addition, when the added amount of BP exceeded the threshold, it would lead to deterioration of tribological properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206003
Andrzej N. Wieczorek , Arkadiusz Stachowiak , Szymon Marciniak , Adam Gołaszewski , Paweł Nuckowski , Marcin Staszuk , Marek Węglowski , Janusz Rykała , Marcin Kowalski
The article demonstrates the possibility of increasing the tribocorrosion resistance of sliding friction nodes by increasing the impact strength of the structural material. The concept is an alternative to methods of improving wear resistance by increasing hardness. The study was performed for the iron alloy Fe (0.21 % C, 0.8 % Si, 1.29 % Mn, 1.34 % Cr) in association with an Al2O3 ball. The samples were manufactured using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology. This modern welding method is increasingly used to produce prototype machine components. The authors proposed a dedicated heat treatment to enable a significant increase in impact strength. The treatment is a combination of austenitization, martensitic hardening, annealing, and isothermal hardening. Comparative wear tests were conducted on samples with and without heat treatment. The tests were performed on a ball-on-plate model node in a 3.5 % NaCl environment. The alloy samples subjected to dedicated heat treatment showed significantly lower tribocorrosion wear than the untreated base material. No signs of wear were found on the surface of the counter-samples in microscopic observations. In addition, a model of the wear process was formulated to explain the effect of impact strength on the wear rate. The model assumes that the amount of energy supplied by friction and required to detach the deformed material is proportional to the impact strength of the material.
{"title":"Improving the tribocorrosion resistance by increasing the impact strength of an iron alloy manufactured by the wire arc additive manufacturing method","authors":"Andrzej N. Wieczorek , Arkadiusz Stachowiak , Szymon Marciniak , Adam Gołaszewski , Paweł Nuckowski , Marcin Staszuk , Marek Węglowski , Janusz Rykała , Marcin Kowalski","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article demonstrates the possibility of increasing the tribocorrosion resistance of sliding friction nodes by increasing the impact strength of the structural material. The concept is an alternative to methods of improving wear resistance by increasing hardness. The study was performed for the iron alloy Fe (0.21 % C, 0.8 % Si, 1.29 % Mn, 1.34 % Cr) in association with an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ball. The samples were manufactured using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology. This modern welding method is increasingly used to produce prototype machine components. The authors proposed a dedicated heat treatment to enable a significant increase in impact strength. The treatment is a combination of austenitization, martensitic hardening, annealing, and isothermal hardening. Comparative wear tests were conducted on samples with and without heat treatment. The tests were performed on a ball-on-plate model node in a 3.5 % NaCl environment. The alloy samples subjected to dedicated heat treatment showed significantly lower tribocorrosion wear than the untreated base material. No signs of wear were found on the surface of the counter-samples in microscopic observations. In addition, a model of the wear process was formulated to explain the effect of impact strength on the wear rate. The model assumes that the amount of energy supplied by friction and required to detach the deformed material is proportional to the impact strength of the material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 206003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205993
Rui Deng , Runze Wei , Yicha Zhang , Chunjiang Zhao , Jianguo Liang , Qiaofeng Bai , Huan Li , Changyao Ouyang , Qilong He , Shenglong Liu , Xuan Kang , Xiaoyu Wu
The dissipation of frictional energy, particularly concerning material wear at various temperature ranges, requires further investigation. This study examines the variable-temperature friction and wear behaviors of austenitic stainless steel coatings prepared via laser cladding and remelting, simulating the operational conditions of heavy truck brake drums. The results indicate that graphite nodules in the cast iron matrix absorb and disperse stress during wear, exhibiting self-lubricating properties. This process reduces surface roughness and the coefficient of friction, decreases contact stress and shear stress, and effectively minimizes wear on the specimens and their tribo-pairs. Higher wear temperatures promote the oxidation of wear debris, forming a dense oxide layer, which results in lower friction coefficients and wear rates in the 275–525 °C range compared to the 25–275 °C range. Among the coated specimens, those processed with a lower remelting power of 1.6 kW and a higher speed of 40 mm/s exhibited the lowest dilution rate, highest hardness, and optimal H/E and H3/E2 values, demonstrating superior wear resistance in the 275–525 °C range. The oxide layer was most compact, with a thickness of 10.24 μm, the lowest coefficient of friction (0.390), and the wear rate is the lowest, only 1.360 × 10−3 mm3/N·m, which is 46.66 % of the original coating and 29.41 % of the cast iron.
{"title":"Investigation of variable-temperature wear characteristics of austenitic stainless steel coatings fabricated via laser energy deposition","authors":"Rui Deng , Runze Wei , Yicha Zhang , Chunjiang Zhao , Jianguo Liang , Qiaofeng Bai , Huan Li , Changyao Ouyang , Qilong He , Shenglong Liu , Xuan Kang , Xiaoyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissipation of frictional energy, particularly concerning material wear at various temperature ranges, requires further investigation. This study examines the variable-temperature friction and wear behaviors of austenitic stainless steel coatings prepared via laser cladding and remelting, simulating the operational conditions of heavy truck brake drums. The results indicate that graphite nodules in the cast iron matrix absorb and disperse stress during wear, exhibiting self-lubricating properties. This process reduces surface roughness and the coefficient of friction, decreases contact stress and shear stress, and effectively minimizes wear on the specimens and their tribo-pairs. Higher wear temperatures promote the oxidation of wear debris, forming a dense oxide layer, which results in lower friction coefficients and wear rates in the 275–525 °C range compared to the 25–275 °C range. Among the coated specimens, those processed with a lower remelting power of 1.6 kW and a higher speed of 40 mm/s exhibited the lowest dilution rate, highest hardness, and optimal H/E and H<sup>3</sup>/E<sup>2</sup> values, demonstrating superior wear resistance in the 275–525 °C range. The oxide layer was most compact, with a thickness of 10.24 μm, the lowest coefficient of friction (0.390), and the wear rate is the lowest, only 1.360 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m, which is 46.66 % of the original coating and 29.41 % of the cast iron.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 205993"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the wear resistance of lubricating oil, reduce the wear of wind turbine gear and prolong its service life, MSH/TiO2 lubricant additive was prepared by spray drying technology with flaky nano magnesium silicate hydroxide (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, MSH) and TiO2 nanoparticles as raw materials. Besides, the morphology, particle size and the formation mechanism of MSH/TiO2 microspheres were studied. The tribological properties and anti-wear mechanism of MSH/TiO2 as lubricant additives were discussed by analyzing the friction coefficient, wear rate, as well as the morphology, wear scar trajectory, element distribution and phase of worn surface. Results show that MSH/TiO2 composite microspheres with smoother and denser surface are formed, and the average particle size is 2.43 ± 1.23 μm. Its morphology is mainly that TiO2 nanoparticles are dotted on the outer layer of MSH microspheres formed by MSH nanosheets. In addition, compared with spray drying MSH as lubricant additives, MSH/TiO2 microspheres have a lower average friction coefficient, and the wear rate is reduced by 63.5 %. The remarkable tribological properties are attributed to the formation of MSH/TiO2 mixed tribofilm which has a synergistic strengthening effect on the worn surface. Moreover, TiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed on the mixed tribofilm, improving its hardness and bearing capacity, and increasing the ability of worn surface to resist plastic deformation and abrasive wear.
{"title":"Microstructure and tribological properties of magnesium silicate hydroxide / TiO2 microspheres prepared by spray drying technology","authors":"Chenxiao Shi, Qiuying Chang, Zhe Li, Qingqing Yan, Fanjie Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the wear resistance of lubricating oil, reduce the wear of wind turbine gear and prolong its service life, MSH/TiO<sub>2</sub> lubricant additive was prepared by spray drying technology with flaky nano magnesium silicate hydroxide (Mg<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>, MSH) and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as raw materials. Besides, the morphology, particle size and the formation mechanism of MSH/TiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres were studied. The tribological properties and anti-wear mechanism of MSH/TiO<sub>2</sub> as lubricant additives were discussed by analyzing the friction coefficient, wear rate, as well as the morphology, wear scar trajectory, element distribution and phase of worn surface. Results show that MSH/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite microspheres with smoother and denser surface are formed, and the average particle size is 2.43 ± 1.23 μm. Its morphology is mainly that TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are dotted on the outer layer of MSH microspheres formed by MSH nanosheets. In addition, compared with spray drying MSH as lubricant additives, MSH/TiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres have a lower average friction coefficient, and the wear rate is reduced by 63.5 %. The remarkable tribological properties are attributed to the formation of MSH/TiO<sub>2</sub> mixed tribofilm which has a synergistic strengthening effect on the worn surface. Moreover, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are dispersed on the mixed tribofilm, improving its hardness and bearing capacity, and increasing the ability of worn surface to resist plastic deformation and abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 205996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205995
Yongqiang Lin , Xing Wang , Haibin Zhou , Yuxuan Xu , Li Kang , Zihao Yuan , Minwen Deng , Yong Han , Pingping Yao
Due to the coupling effect of electric-magnetic-heat-force field, the complexity of electrical contact surface damage increases, and a clear understanding of the damage mechanism under harsh operating conditions is urgently required. In this study, the damage behaviors and evolution law of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy against Cu-Cr-Zr alloy as a friction pair were analyzed through sliding electrical contact tests using various current loads. The results indicated that at lower current loads (<350 kA), the surface damage of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was characterized by current-carrying plow due to mechanical wear. At medium current loads (350 kA–550 kA), the surface characteristics were dominated by mixed damage, featuring both current-carrying plows and heat melting of the surface. However, at high current loads (>550 kA), the surface damage was mainly caused by melting. The mass loss of the material exhibited an increasing trend with the current, with a mass loss of 0–0.2 g for the currents less than 350 kA, 0.2–0.8 g for the currents in the range of 350–550 kA, and 0.8–1.0 g for the currents exceeding 550 kA.
{"title":"Surface damage mechanism and evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy as a sliding electrical contact material under extreme environments","authors":"Yongqiang Lin , Xing Wang , Haibin Zhou , Yuxuan Xu , Li Kang , Zihao Yuan , Minwen Deng , Yong Han , Pingping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the coupling effect of electric-magnetic-heat-force field, the complexity of electrical contact surface damage increases, and a clear understanding of the damage mechanism under harsh operating conditions is urgently required. In this study, the damage behaviors and evolution law of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy against Cu-Cr-Zr alloy as a friction pair were analyzed through sliding electrical contact tests using various current loads. The results indicated that at lower current loads (<350 kA), the surface damage of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was characterized by current-carrying plow due to mechanical wear. At medium current loads (350 kA–550 kA), the surface characteristics were dominated by mixed damage, featuring both current-carrying plows and heat melting of the surface. However, at high current loads (>550 kA), the surface damage was mainly caused by melting. The mass loss of the material exhibited an increasing trend with the current, with a mass loss of 0–0.2 g for the currents less than 350 kA, 0.2–0.8 g for the currents in the range of 350–550 kA, and 0.8–1.0 g for the currents exceeding 550 kA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 205995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205994
Qiwen Fang , Zhijie Wang , Chen Chen , Xinpeng Zhang , Xiaoyong Feng , Yanguo Li , Zhinan Yang , Fucheng Zhang
Wear and fatigue are two critical challenges faced by railway frogs during service. However, existing studies have largely addressed these two damage mechanisms independently. In the present study, a twin-disc friction and wear test was employed to simulate the wear and rolling contact fatigue behavior of high-manganese steel used in railway frogs under service conditions. A detailed investigation was conducted to analyze the damage mechanisms and microstructural evolution of high-manganese steel over multiple test cycles. Results reveal that the damage evolution of high-manganese steel under rolling-sliding contact follows a dynamic and cyclic pattern. During this process, the surface-hardened layer undergoes repeated deformation strengthening, eventually leading to spalling and resulting in a distinct cyclic damage progression. This progression is primarily driven by the interplay between deformation strengthening, which enhances wear resistance, and the gradual accumulation of fatigue damage. As the surface-hardened layer spalls, the wear resistance deteriorates, exposing fresh layers to subsequent deformation strengthening and fatigue damage accumulation. This cyclical process culminates in the repeated occurrence of spalling damage. These findings offer valuable insights into the damage mechanisms of high-manganese steel under complex service conditions, providing a solid foundation for future research in this area.
{"title":"Multistage dynamic damage and microstructural evolution of high-manganese steel under rolling-sliding contact conditions","authors":"Qiwen Fang , Zhijie Wang , Chen Chen , Xinpeng Zhang , Xiaoyong Feng , Yanguo Li , Zhinan Yang , Fucheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear and fatigue are two critical challenges faced by railway frogs during service. However, existing studies have largely addressed these two damage mechanisms independently. In the present study, a twin-disc friction and wear test was employed to simulate the wear and rolling contact fatigue behavior of high-manganese steel used in railway frogs under service conditions. A detailed investigation was conducted to analyze the damage mechanisms and microstructural evolution of high-manganese steel over multiple test cycles. Results reveal that the damage evolution of high-manganese steel under rolling-sliding contact follows a dynamic and cyclic pattern. During this process, the surface-hardened layer undergoes repeated deformation strengthening, eventually leading to spalling and resulting in a distinct cyclic damage progression. This progression is primarily driven by the interplay between deformation strengthening, which enhances wear resistance, and the gradual accumulation of fatigue damage. As the surface-hardened layer spalls, the wear resistance deteriorates, exposing fresh layers to subsequent deformation strengthening and fatigue damage accumulation. This cyclical process culminates in the repeated occurrence of spalling damage. These findings offer valuable insights into the damage mechanisms of high-manganese steel under complex service conditions, providing a solid foundation for future research in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 205994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205985
Marina Aleutdinova, Viktor Fadin
Dry sliding of a number of alloy steels against a quench-hardened steel was tested at a high-density alternating electric current. The aim of these tests was to determine the factors decreasing the wear. The sliding contact layers were observed to undergo plastic deformation due to the formation of certain transfer layers in the contact zone. It was shown that these layers contain more than 75 vol% FeO and also some initial phases. The transfer layers contained signs of melt formation. This phenomenon was described at a qualitative level. Melt appearance is conditioned by occurrence of a displacement current in FeO containing medium. This displacement current provided energy to the FeO ions for their transition to the melt. A low ductility of the doped initial phases caused an increase in wear intensity of the transfer layers. These effects were manifested due to a low ability of the material to relax the mechanical stresses in the contact zone of the alloy steels. This meant that a low ductility was among the main factors contributing to severe wear. A relationship between low wear resistance and low electrical conductivity of the contact was shown.
{"title":"Effect of the initial structure of steels on the deterioration of their contact layers in dry sliding against quenched steel under alternating electric current of a density higher than 100 A/cm2","authors":"Marina Aleutdinova, Viktor Fadin","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry sliding of a number of alloy steels against a quench-hardened steel was tested at a high-density alternating electric current. The aim of these tests was to determine the factors decreasing the wear. The sliding contact layers were observed to undergo plastic deformation due to the formation of certain transfer layers in the contact zone. It was shown that these layers contain more than 75 vol% FeO and also some initial phases. The transfer layers contained signs of melt formation. This phenomenon was described at a qualitative level. Melt appearance is conditioned by occurrence of a displacement current in FeO containing medium. This displacement current provided energy to the FeO ions for their transition to the melt. A low ductility of the doped initial phases caused an increase in wear intensity of the transfer layers. These effects were manifested due to a low ability of the material to relax the mechanical stresses in the contact zone of the alloy steels. This meant that a low ductility was among the main factors contributing to severe wear. A relationship between low wear resistance and low electrical conductivity of the contact was shown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 205985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205983
Jorge Stella , Michael Pohl , Alexander Treff , Björn Reetz
Cavitation erosion of a lead-free silicon brass (CuZn10Si5Al1) was studied employing ultrasonic cavitation tests. The new alloy exhibits a remarkable resistance against cavitation in comparison with resistant copper-based alloys previously reported by the authors under identical test conditions. In contrast to most copper-based alloys, the tested material mainly consists of a single hexagonal close-packed phase with a negligible fraction of face-centered cubic phase. Electron backscatter diffraction was employed to examine plastic deformation induced by cavitation. This evaluation revealed a strong influence of the grain orientation on the local cavitation resistance. It is noticeable during the incubation stage that, while grain surfaces oriented nearly parallel to the basal plane exhibit visible deformation resulting from twinning, grains with surfaces oriented nearly parallel to prism planes show weak traces of plastic deformation and very low damage induced by cavitation. Additionally, grain boundaries located between grains subjected to large differences in deformation were found to be mostly resistant to cracking or void formation. It is concluded that high crystal anisotropy related to the single-phase hexagonal structure found in the CuZn10Si5Al1 alloy promotes a microstructure with exceptional resistance to cavitation erosion.
{"title":"Cavitation erosion of a novel high silicon brass: An EBSD study of a copper-based alloy with hexagonal lattice structure","authors":"Jorge Stella , Michael Pohl , Alexander Treff , Björn Reetz","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation erosion of a lead-free silicon brass (CuZn10Si5Al1) was studied employing ultrasonic cavitation tests. The new alloy exhibits a remarkable resistance against cavitation in comparison with resistant copper-based alloys previously reported by the authors under identical test conditions. In contrast to most copper-based alloys, the tested material mainly consists of a single hexagonal close-packed phase with a negligible fraction of face-centered cubic phase. Electron backscatter diffraction was employed to examine plastic deformation induced by cavitation. This evaluation revealed a strong influence of the grain orientation on the local cavitation resistance. It is noticeable during the incubation stage that, while grain surfaces oriented nearly parallel to the basal plane exhibit visible deformation resulting from twinning, grains with surfaces oriented nearly parallel to prism planes show weak traces of plastic deformation and very low damage induced by cavitation. Additionally, grain boundaries located between grains subjected to large differences in deformation were found to be mostly resistant to cracking or void formation. It is concluded that high crystal anisotropy related to the single-phase hexagonal structure found in the CuZn10Si5Al1 alloy promotes a microstructure with exceptional resistance to cavitation erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"572 ","pages":"Article 205983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205959
Gang Li , Baocun Hong , Da Song , Yan Ma , Chao Yuan
Surface friction properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after pulsed current coupled ultrasonic rolling (PCUR) treatment were studied in this paper. The research results showed that the process of PCUR treatment effectively improved the microstructure of material surface layer relative to the only ultrasonic rolling (UR) treatment. The maximum thickness of the deformation layer was about 40μm and accompanied by the fine grain and dense dislocation. Moreover, there were no significant micro defects in material surface layer after PUSR treatment. It was attributed to the effective material plastic deformation and grain refinement effects promoted by pulsed current assisted high-frequency ultrasonic vibration. Meanwhile, it significantly reduced surface roughness of the material to a minimum of 0.18μm. The specimen showed the large hardening depth (300 μm) and high surface microhardness (530 HV) after PCUR processing. Meanwhile, the influence depth of residual stress was extended to 0.53 mm. Surface friction properties of the specimens after PCUR and UR treatment were tested with GCr 15 and Si3N4, and the specific wear mechanism was analyzed. It was found that the specimen after PCUR treatment had the lower coefficient of friction (CoF) and smaller wear scar compared with the sample treated by UR treatment and showed a lower wear rate. The main reason was that pulsed current coupled ultrasonic rolling effectively promoted material surface layer to produce good plastic deformation, reduce the microscopic defects and refine the grain size.
{"title":"Effect of pulsed current coupled ultrasonic rolling on surface fretting friction and wear properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy","authors":"Gang Li , Baocun Hong , Da Song , Yan Ma , Chao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface friction properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after pulsed current coupled ultrasonic rolling (PCUR) treatment were studied in this paper. The research results showed that the process of PCUR treatment effectively improved the microstructure of material surface layer relative to the only ultrasonic rolling (UR) treatment. The maximum thickness of the deformation layer was about 40μm and accompanied by the fine grain and dense dislocation. Moreover, there were no significant micro defects in material surface layer after PUSR treatment. It was attributed to the effective material plastic deformation and grain refinement effects promoted by pulsed current assisted high-frequency ultrasonic vibration. Meanwhile, it significantly reduced surface roughness of the material to a minimum of 0.18μm. The specimen showed the large hardening depth (300 μm) and high surface microhardness (530 HV) after PCUR processing. Meanwhile, the influence depth of residual stress was extended to 0.53 mm. Surface friction properties of the specimens after PCUR and UR treatment were tested with GCr 15 and Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and the specific wear mechanism was analyzed. It was found that the specimen after PCUR treatment had the lower coefficient of friction (CoF) and smaller wear scar compared with the sample treated by UR treatment and showed a lower wear rate. The main reason was that pulsed current coupled ultrasonic rolling effectively promoted material surface layer to produce good plastic deformation, reduce the microscopic defects and refine the grain size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 205959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205966
Lai Hu , Lee Heow Pueh , Zixi Wang , Yuming Wang
The precision machining process caused by material removal and wear behavior is called grinding. Grinding force and grinding temperature (GF>) in precision/ultra-precision grinding directly affect the surface performances. In this study, the metamorphic layer, element content, hardness, residual stress and retained austenite of the finished thin-walled rolling bearing of rotary vector (RV) reducer were analyzed. Instead of the traditional method of indirect collecting GF>, a wireless sensing cubic boron nitride (CBN) raceway grinding wheel (WS-CBN-RGW) with embedded force and temperature sensors was innovatively designed. The hardness, residual stress and retained austenite of the grinding surface were analyzed. With the increase of bearing raceway diameter, the thickness of “dark layer” decreases. The innovative design of WS-CBN-RGW solves the problem that GF> of bearing raceway are difficult to be collected directly. The ideal hardness, residual stress and retained austenite content can be obtained by controlling grinding parameters. After performance control, the raceway hardness, tangential and axial residual stress and residual austenite dispersion are reduced by 63.6 %, 34.6 %, 74.9 % and 31.5 %, respectively. Therefore, the problem of performance control can be solved by controlling GF>.
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