Eco-friendly and low-dose radiation shielding material using natural waste cuttlebone and silicone rubber composite

Abstract

This study investigates the development and evaluation of silicone/cuttlebone composites as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional radiation shielding materials. Designed with a uniform thickness of 3 mm, the composites offer a lightweight, non-toxic suitable solution for applications prioritizing environmental sustainability. Cuttlebone, a calcium carbonate-rich natural byproduct, was incorporated into silicone rubber at varying concentrations (0%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% by weight) to examine its effect on radiation attenuation properties. The composites underwent thorough mixing, curing, and post-curing processes before being evaluated for their physical morphology, radiation shielding efficiency, and mechanical performance. Key parameters, including radiation absorption, linear attenuation coefficient, and half-value layer (HVL), were assessed under X-ray energies of 60, 90, and 120 kVp. At 120 kVp, the 50% CB composite achieved an absorption dose of 56.70%, a linear attenuation coefficient of 2.79 cm⁻¹, and a HVL of 0.25 cm. While lead (0.5 cm thickness) exhibited superior performance (99.91% absorption dose, 14.07 cm⁻¹ linear attenuation, and 0.05 cm HVL), the silicone/cuttlebone composite presents a sustainable alternative for applications requiring reduced toxicity and environmental impact. These findings emphasize its potential for diverse medical and industrial uses, with further research needed to enhance its shielding efficiency.