Jaapna Dhillon , Saurabh Pandey , John W. Newman , Oliver Fiehn , Rudy M. Ortiz
{"title":"Almond consumption for 8 weeks differentially modulates metabolomic responses to an acute glucose challenge compared to crackers in young adults","authors":"Jaapna Dhillon , Saurabh Pandey , John W. Newman , Oliver Fiehn , Rudy M. Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dynamic responses to an acute glucose challenge after 8 weeks of almond or cracker consumption (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03084003). Young adults (n = 73, age: 18-19 years, BMI: 18-41 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) participated in an 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm intervention and were assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz/d, n = 38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n = 35) daily. Twenty participants from each group underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the end of the intervention. Metabolite abundances in the oGTT serum samples were quantified using untargeted metabolomics, and targeted analyses for free PUFAs, total fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids. We hypothesized that 8-week almond consumption would differentially modulate the metabolomic response to a glucose challenge compared to crackers. Multivariate, univariate, and chemical enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significant metabolic shifts. Findings exhibit a biphasic lipid response with higher levels of unsaturated triglycerides earlier in the oGTT followed by lower levels later in the almond vs cracker group (<em>p</em>-value <.05, chemical enrichment analyses). Almond (vs cracker) consumption was also associated with higher AUC<sub>120 min</sub> of aminomalonate, and oxylipins (<em>P</em>-value <.05), but lower AUC<sub>120 min</sub> of <span>l</span>-cystine, N-acetylmannosamine, and isoheptadecanoic acid (<em>P</em>-value <.05). Additionally, the Matsuda Index in the almond group correlated with AUC<sub>120 min</sub> of CE 22:6 (<em>r</em> = -0.46; <em>P</em>-value <.05) and 12,13 DiHOME (<em>r</em> = 0.45; <em>P</em>-value <.05). Almond consumption for 8 weeks leads to dynamic, differential shifts in response to an acute glucose challenge, marked by alterations in lipid and amino acid mediators involved in metabolic and physiological pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrition Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531725000089","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study investigated the dynamic responses to an acute glucose challenge after 8 weeks of almond or cracker consumption (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03084003). Young adults (n = 73, age: 18-19 years, BMI: 18-41 kg/m2) participated in an 8-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm intervention and were assigned to consume either almonds (2 oz/d, n = 38) or an isocaloric control snack of graham crackers (325 kcal/d, n = 35) daily. Twenty participants from each group underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at the end of the intervention. Metabolite abundances in the oGTT serum samples were quantified using untargeted metabolomics, and targeted analyses for free PUFAs, total fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids. We hypothesized that 8-week almond consumption would differentially modulate the metabolomic response to a glucose challenge compared to crackers. Multivariate, univariate, and chemical enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significant metabolic shifts. Findings exhibit a biphasic lipid response with higher levels of unsaturated triglycerides earlier in the oGTT followed by lower levels later in the almond vs cracker group (p-value <.05, chemical enrichment analyses). Almond (vs cracker) consumption was also associated with higher AUC120 min of aminomalonate, and oxylipins (P-value <.05), but lower AUC120 min of l-cystine, N-acetylmannosamine, and isoheptadecanoic acid (P-value <.05). Additionally, the Matsuda Index in the almond group correlated with AUC120 min of CE 22:6 (r = -0.46; P-value <.05) and 12,13 DiHOME (r = 0.45; P-value <.05). Almond consumption for 8 weeks leads to dynamic, differential shifts in response to an acute glucose challenge, marked by alterations in lipid and amino acid mediators involved in metabolic and physiological pathways.
期刊介绍:
Nutrition Research publishes original research articles, communications, and reviews on basic and applied nutrition. The mission of Nutrition Research is to serve as the journal for global communication of nutrition and life sciences research on diet and health. The field of nutrition sciences includes, but is not limited to, the study of nutrients during growth, reproduction, aging, health, and disease.
Articles covering basic and applied research on all aspects of nutrition sciences are encouraged, including: nutritional biochemistry and metabolism; metabolomics, nutrient gene interactions; nutrient requirements for health; nutrition and disease; digestion and absorption; nutritional anthropology; epidemiology; the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on nutrition of the individual and the community; the impact of nutrient intake on disease response and behavior; the consequences of nutritional deficiency on growth and development, endocrine and nervous systems, and immunity; nutrition and gut microbiota; food intolerance and allergy; nutrient drug interactions; nutrition and aging; nutrition and cancer; obesity; diabetes; and intervention programs.