Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.010
Yuhuan Wei , Li Qin , Xiaoling Wang , Yuan Cui , Yunhua Zhao , Shaoye Huo , Lihong Wang , Teng Li , Chunhai Shao
Previous studies have explored the connection between the dietary inflammation index (DII) and asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO); however, the relationship between diet and the risk of ACO from an antioxidant perspective remains unexamined. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory diet may increase the risk of ACO by promoting inflammation, whereas an antioxidant diet may reduce the risk by mitigating inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2018, including 23,050 participants. The study employed propensity score matching (PSM), logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and mediation analysis. Pre-PSM and post-PSM RCS analyses indicated a positive correlation between DII and ACO, while the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) demonstrated a negative association (P-overall <0 .05). Pre-PSM and post-PSM logistic regression results showed that higher DII scores were associated with an increased risk of ACO, while higher CDAI scores correlated with a reduced risk of ACO (P <0 .05). Mediation analysis further indicated that pro-inflammatory diets increased ACO risk through elevated levels of white blood cells (WBC), eosinophil counts (EC), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and system inflammation response index (SIRI) (P < 0.05). In contrast, antioxidant diets reduced the risk of ACO events by decreasing the levels of these inflammatory markers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, higher DII scores may increase the risk of ACO, while higher CDAI scores may decrease it. Both DII and CDAI mediate their effects through inflammatory markers, including WBC, EC, SII, and SIRI.
{"title":"Antioxidant and inflammatory potential of diet is associated with risk of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: Findings from NHANES (2003-2018)","authors":"Yuhuan Wei , Li Qin , Xiaoling Wang , Yuan Cui , Yunhua Zhao , Shaoye Huo , Lihong Wang , Teng Li , Chunhai Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have explored the connection between the dietary inflammation index (DII) and asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO); however, the relationship between diet and the risk of ACO from an antioxidant perspective remains unexamined. We hypothesized that a proinflammatory diet may increase the risk of ACO by promoting inflammation, whereas an antioxidant diet may reduce the risk by mitigating inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003-2018, including 23,050 participants. The study employed propensity score matching (PSM), logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and mediation analysis. Pre-PSM and post-PSM RCS analyses indicated a positive correlation between DII and ACO, while the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) demonstrated a negative association (<em>P-overall</em> <0 .05). Pre-PSM and post-PSM logistic regression results showed that higher DII scores were associated with an increased risk of ACO, while higher CDAI scores correlated with a reduced risk of ACO (<em>P</em> <0 .05). Mediation analysis further indicated that pro-inflammatory diets increased ACO risk through elevated levels of white blood cells (WBC), eosinophil counts (EC), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and system inflammation response index (SIRI) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In contrast, antioxidant diets reduced the risk of ACO events by decreasing the levels of these inflammatory markers (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In conclusion, higher DII scores may increase the risk of ACO, while higher CDAI scores may decrease it. Both DII and CDAI mediate their effects through inflammatory markers, including WBC, EC, SII, and SIRI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"135 ","pages":"Pages 128-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.002
Mayra Arias-Gastélum , Nangel M. Lindberg , Michael C. Leo , Sara Gille , Katie Vaughn , Elizabeth Shuster , Erin S. LeBlanc , Victor J. Stevens , Sonia Vega-López
Low diet quality is related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk among Hispanic women. This cross-sectional study compared diet quality among Hispanic women with overweight/obesity based on their T2DM diagnosis (pre-diabetes/T2DM group, n = 104 vs no diagnosis, at-risk group, n = 84). It was hypothesized that having a pre-diabetes or T2DM diagnosis would be associated with better diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 score. Means were compared using a 2-sample t-test for parametric and Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametric variables. Women with pre-diabetes/T2DM reported a lower intake of total energy (1378 ± 557 vs 1644 ± 703 kcal; P = .004) and cholesterol (228 ± 140 vs 299 ± 216 mg; P = .007). Total HEI score was higher for pre-diabetes/T2DM than the at-risk group (64 ± 8 vs 62 ± 9; P = .027). Among all participants, adequacy subscores were excellent for whole fruits, greens & beans, total proteins, and seafood and plant proteins, good for total fruits (77%); fair for total vegetables and fatty acids (64% for both); and poor for whole grains, and dairy (20% and 53%, respectively). Moderation subscores were very good for added sugars (89%), good for saturated fats (78%), and poor for refined grains, and sodium (44% and 33%, respectively). Compared to the at-risk group, women with pre-diabetes/T2DM had higher fatty acid ratio scores (7 ± 2 vs 6 ± 3, P = .039). Multiple linear regression revealed that pre-diabetes/T2DM did not significantly impact diet quality, but energy intake and age did. Overall, HEI subscores underscore the need to improve diet quality through key food groups in Hispanic women with overweight/obesity, regardless of T2DM status.
{"title":"A better diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index-2020 is associated with lower energy intake and age but not with a pre-diabetes/T2DM diagnosis among Hispanic women with overweight/obesity","authors":"Mayra Arias-Gastélum , Nangel M. Lindberg , Michael C. Leo , Sara Gille , Katie Vaughn , Elizabeth Shuster , Erin S. LeBlanc , Victor J. Stevens , Sonia Vega-López","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low diet quality is related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk among Hispanic women. This cross-sectional study compared diet quality among Hispanic women with overweight/obesity based on their T2DM diagnosis (pre-diabetes/T2DM group, n = 104 vs no diagnosis, at-risk group, n = 84). It was hypothesized that having a pre-diabetes or T2DM diagnosis would be associated with better diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 score. Means were compared using a 2-sample t-test for parametric and Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametric variables. Women with pre-diabetes/T2DM reported a lower intake of total energy (1378 ± 557 vs 1644 ± 703 kcal; <em>P</em> = .004) and cholesterol (228 ± 140 vs 299 ± 216 mg; <em>P</em> = .007). Total HEI score was higher for pre-diabetes/T2DM than the at-risk group (64 ± 8 vs 62 ± 9; <em>P</em> = .027). Among all participants, adequacy subscores were excellent for whole fruits, greens & beans, total proteins, and seafood and plant proteins, good for total fruits (77%); fair for total vegetables and fatty acids (64% for both); and poor for whole grains, and dairy (20% and 53%, respectively). Moderation subscores were very good for added sugars (89%), good for saturated fats (78%), and poor for refined grains, and sodium (44% and 33%, respectively). Compared to the at-risk group, women with pre-diabetes/T2DM had higher fatty acid ratio scores (7 ± 2 vs 6 ± 3, <em>P</em> = .039). Multiple linear regression revealed that pre-diabetes/T2DM did not significantly impact diet quality, but energy intake and age did. Overall, HEI subscores underscore the need to improve diet quality through key food groups in Hispanic women with overweight/obesity, regardless of T2DM status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.004
Itsuki Watanabe , Naoko Suzuki , Tsuyoshi Takara
Viral infections are a global public health threat, reaffirming the importance of immune function. We previously identified Lactobacillus crispatus strain KT-11 (KT-11) and found that heat-sterilized KT-11 affect counts of T cell and dendritic cell in vitro, as well as promoted immunoglobulin A production and prevented weight loss caused by influenza virus infection in vivo. It was hypothesized that heat-sterilized KT-11 affects immune cell count/activity even in healthy individuals. We conducted a pilot study to examine the design to verify the effects of heat-sterilized KT-11 supplementation on immune cell count/activity and physical condition. This was a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study including 22 healthy adults who consumed either KT-11 or placebo for 4 weeks. Immunological status (immune cell count/activity and its score) and various immune-related indicators including SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody were assessed, and a physical condition questionnaire was administered. The primary outcome was immune cell count/activity (T cell subsets, B cell, natural killer cell) and overall immunological status score after 4 weeks. Two patients were excluded because of noncompliance; the final analysis included 20 participants (10 participants/group). The KT-11 group had a significantly higher CD3+ T cell count versus placebo group. The female subgroup also had a significantly higher CD8+CD28+ T cell count. Although the KT-11 group showed no changes in SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titer, it had fewer self-reported common cold-like symptoms, particularly fatigue. This pilot study showed that KT-11 affected immune cell profiles, suggesting that the feasibility of a verification study. This trial was registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000046991).
{"title":"Supplementation with heat-sterilized Lactobacillus crispatus strain KT-11 stimulates the T cell–related immune function of healthy Japanese adults: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study","authors":"Itsuki Watanabe , Naoko Suzuki , Tsuyoshi Takara","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral infections are a global public health threat, reaffirming the importance of immune function. We previously identified <em>Lactobacillus crispatus</em> strain KT-11 (KT-11) and found that heat-sterilized KT-11 affect counts of T cell and dendritic cell <em>in vitro</em>, as well as promoted immunoglobulin A production and prevented weight loss caused by influenza virus infection <em>in vivo</em>. It was hypothesized that heat-sterilized KT-11 affects immune cell count/activity even in healthy individuals. We conducted a pilot study to examine the design to verify the effects of heat-sterilized KT-11 supplementation on immune cell count/activity and physical condition. This was a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study including 22 healthy adults who consumed either KT-11 or placebo for 4 weeks. Immunological status (immune cell count/activity and its score) and various immune-related indicators including SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody were assessed, and a physical condition questionnaire was administered. The primary outcome was immune cell count/activity (T cell subsets, B cell, natural killer cell) and overall immunological status score after 4 weeks. Two patients were excluded because of noncompliance; the final analysis included 20 participants (10 participants/group). The KT-11 group had a significantly higher CD3<sup>+</sup> T cell count versus placebo group. The female subgroup also had a significantly higher CD8<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup> T cell count. Although the KT-11 group showed no changes in SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titer, it had fewer self-reported common cold-like symptoms, particularly fatigue. This pilot study showed that KT-11 affected immune cell profiles, suggesting that the feasibility of a verification study. This trial was registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000046991).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.006
Xue Li , Yujing Fang , Ruolin Zhou , Huan Xu , Qingjian Ou , Kexin Tu , Yifan Wang , Yuanyuan Chen , Ruhua Zhou , Caixia Zhang
The potential impact of one-carbon metabolism (OCM)-related B vitamins (vitamin B2, B6, B12, and folate) on colorectal cancer survival warrants investigation but research is sparse. This cohort study examined the association between the prediagnostic dietary intakes of OCM-related B vitamins and colorectal cancer survival. A total of 2799 colorectal cancer patients from the Guangdong Colorectal Cancer Cohort, enrolled at baseline in 2010, were followed for mortality outcomes through 2023. Dietary data were collected from patients using a food frequency questionnaire for the year prior to their diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to examine the association between OCM-related B vitamins and colorectal cancer survival. Restricted cubic spline analyses and stratified analysis were performed. During the follow-up period of approximately 60.33 months, 639 deaths were documented, of which 574 were colorectal cancer-specific deaths. Dietary vitamin B2 and B6 intake was significantly associated with survivals. The adjusted HRs in the highest versus the lowest quartile of vitamin B2 intake were 0.77 (0.62-0.97) for overall survival and 0.71 (0.55-0.90) for colorectal cancer-specific survival, and vitamin B6 intake were 0.79 (0.64-0.99) for overall survival and 0.75 (0.59-0.94) for colorectal cancer-specific survival. Nonlinear associations were observed between vitamin B6 intake and both overall survival and colorectal cancer-specific survival. However, no significant association was found between vitamin B12 or folate intake and survivals. These results suggest that high prediagnostic intake of vitamin B2 and B6 may be associated with improved survivals in colorectal cancer patients.
{"title":"High prediagnostic dietary intake of vitamin B2 and vitamin B6 is associated with favorable prognosis of colorectal cancer among Chinese colorectal cancer patients","authors":"Xue Li , Yujing Fang , Ruolin Zhou , Huan Xu , Qingjian Ou , Kexin Tu , Yifan Wang , Yuanyuan Chen , Ruhua Zhou , Caixia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential impact of one-carbon metabolism (OCM)-related B vitamins (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>, B<sub>6</sub>, B<sub>12</sub>, and folate) on colorectal cancer survival warrants investigation but research is sparse. This cohort study examined the association between the prediagnostic dietary intakes of OCM-related B vitamins and colorectal cancer survival. A total of 2799 colorectal cancer patients from the Guangdong Colorectal Cancer Cohort, enrolled at baseline in 2010, were followed for mortality outcomes through 2023. Dietary data were collected from patients using a food frequency questionnaire for the year prior to their diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to examine the association between OCM-related B vitamins and colorectal cancer survival. Restricted cubic spline analyses and stratified analysis were performed. During the follow-up period of approximately 60.33 months, 639 deaths were documented, of which 574 were colorectal cancer-specific deaths. Dietary vitamin B<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>6</sub> intake was significantly associated with survivals. The adjusted HRs in the highest versus the lowest quartile of vitamin B<sub>2</sub> intake were 0.77 (0.62-0.97) for overall survival and 0.71 (0.55-0.90) for colorectal cancer-specific survival, and vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake were 0.79 (0.64-0.99) for overall survival and 0.75 (0.59-0.94) for colorectal cancer-specific survival. Nonlinear associations were observed between vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake and both overall survival and colorectal cancer-specific survival. However, no significant association was found between vitamin B<sub>12</sub> or folate intake and survivals. These results suggest that high prediagnostic intake of vitamin B<sub>2</sub> and B<sub>6</sub> may be associated with improved survivals in colorectal cancer patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 24-38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.003
Lai-Xi Zhao , Cheng-Yang Hu , Zhen-Hua Li , Meng-Ci Shao , Jia-Jia Liu , Xiao-Rong Yan , Jiong Li , Wen-Hua Xu , Xiu-Jun Zhang
We sought to test the hypothesis that adult folate biomarker concentrations are negatively associated with the risk and severity of periodontitis. Data were pooled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2014. A total of 9252 dentate adult subjects aged 30 years and older who received a periodontal examination and had complete folate biomarker data were included in the analysis. Both logistic regression and linear regression models were built to analyze the associations between folate biomarker concentrations and periodontitis, followed by multisubgroup and sensitivity analyses. In addition, restricted cubic spline models were applied to observe the shape of the associations. We found negative associations between serum folate and periodontitis status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.775, 95% CI: 0.691-0.869), periodontal probing depth (PPD) (β = -0.048, 95% CI: -0.069 to -0.027), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (β = -0.061, 95% CI: -0.098 to -0.025). A negative association was also found between red blood cell folate and periodontitis status (OR = 0.727, 95% CI: 0.613-0.861), PPD (β = -0.055, 95% CI: -0.086 to -0.024), and CAL (β = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.128 to -0.040). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed robust results. Restricted cubic spline models demonstrated significant linearity for associations. Folate biomarker concentrations were negatively associated with periodontitis in adults aged 30 years and older, indicating that folate may have a restrictive effect on the risk and severity of periodontitis. This finding may provide a clinical target for preventive and interventional measures to promote periodontal nutrition and health.
{"title":"Low folate biomarker concentrations are associated with increase the risk and severity of periodontitis in adults: A cross–sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014","authors":"Lai-Xi Zhao , Cheng-Yang Hu , Zhen-Hua Li , Meng-Ci Shao , Jia-Jia Liu , Xiao-Rong Yan , Jiong Li , Wen-Hua Xu , Xiu-Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We sought to test the hypothesis that adult folate biomarker concentrations are negatively associated with the risk and severity of periodontitis. Data were pooled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2014. A total of 9252 dentate adult subjects aged 30 years and older who received a periodontal examination and had complete folate biomarker data were included in the analysis. Both logistic regression and linear regression models were built to analyze the associations between folate biomarker concentrations and periodontitis, followed by multisubgroup and sensitivity analyses. In addition, restricted cubic spline models were applied to observe the shape of the associations. We found negative associations between serum folate and periodontitis status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.775, 95% CI: 0.691-0.869), periodontal probing depth (PPD) (β = -0.048, 95% CI: -0.069 to -0.027), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (β = -0.061, 95% CI: -0.098 to -0.025). A negative association was also found between red blood cell folate and periodontitis status (OR = 0.727, 95% CI: 0.613-0.861), PPD (β = -0.055, 95% CI: -0.086 to -0.024), and CAL (β = -0.084, 95% CI: -0.128 to -0.040). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed robust results. Restricted cubic spline models demonstrated significant linearity for associations. Folate biomarker concentrations were negatively associated with periodontitis in adults aged 30 years and older, indicating that folate may have a restrictive effect on the risk and severity of periodontitis. This finding may provide a clinical target for preventive and interventional measures to promote periodontal nutrition and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic and environmental factors have important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that genes involved in energy intake, cellular lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory adipokines influence obesity-related metabolic disturbances and food intake. We explored the association of GHRL (rs26311G>C and rs4684677A>T), PLIN1 (rs2289487G>A and rs894160G>A), RETN (rs3745367C>T and rs7408174G>A), and NAMPT (rs1319501T>C) variants with obesity, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and food intake composition. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained from 237 adults. Genomic DNA was extracted and genetic variants were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Food intake was assessed in 81 subjects with obesity, who underwent a 9-week nutritional orientation program. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted by covariates showed association of GHRL rs26311-G and rs4684677-A alleles with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or metabolic syndrome (P < .05), and RETN rs7408174-C allele with risk of T2D and obesity (P < .05). Covariate-adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis showed association of PLIN1 rs894160-G allele with increased waist-to-hip ratio (P = .003). The nutritional orientation program reduced carbohydrate and total fat intake, in subjects with obesity (P < .05). Analysis of basal data revealed associations of PLIN1 rs894160-G with increased body mass index, PLIN1 rs2289487-A with reduced intake of total fat, monosaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and RETN rs3745367-A with increased intake of protein and saturated fatty acids (P < .05). GHRL rs26311-G was associated with increased postprogram protein intake (P = .044). In conclusion, variants in GHRL, RETN, and PLIN1 are associated with obesity, T2D, metabolic syndrome, and increased waist-to-hip ratio, and influence food consumption in adults with obesity.
{"title":"Variants in GHRL, RETN, and PLIN1 are associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and influence food consumption in adults with obesity","authors":"Marina Aparecida dos Santos , Raul Hernandes Bortolin , Alvaro Cerda , Raquel de Oliveira , Tamires Invencioni Moraes Stefani , Cristina Moreno Fajardo , Egídio Lima Dorea , Márcia Martins Silveira Bernik , Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno , Mario Hiroyuki Hirata , Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic and environmental factors have important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that genes involved in energy intake, cellular lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory adipokines influence obesity-related metabolic disturbances and food intake. We explored the association of <em>GHRL</em> (rs26311G>C and rs4684677A>T), <em>PLIN1</em> (rs2289487G>A and rs894160G>A), <em>RETN</em> (rs3745367C>T and rs7408174G>A), and <em>NAMPT</em> (rs1319501T>C) variants with obesity, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and food intake composition. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained from 237 adults. Genomic DNA was extracted and genetic variants were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Food intake was assessed in 81 subjects with obesity, who underwent a 9-week nutritional orientation program. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted by covariates showed association of <em>GHRL</em> rs26311-G and rs4684677-A alleles with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or metabolic syndrome (<em>P</em> < .05), and <em>RETN</em> rs7408174-C allele with risk of T2D and obesity (<em>P</em> < .05). Covariate-adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis showed association of <em>PLIN1</em> rs894160-G allele with increased waist-to-hip ratio (<em>P</em> = .003). The nutritional orientation program reduced carbohydrate and total fat intake, in subjects with obesity (<em>P</em> < .05). Analysis of basal data revealed associations of <em>PLIN1</em> rs894160-G with increased body mass index, <em>PLIN1</em> rs2289487-A with reduced intake of total fat, monosaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and <em>RETN</em> rs3745367-A with increased intake of protein and saturated fatty acids (<em>P</em> < .05). <em>GHRL</em> rs26311-G was associated with increased postprogram protein intake (<em>P</em> = .044). In conclusion, variants in <em>GHRL, RETN,</em> and <em>PLIN1</em> are associated with obesity, T2D, metabolic syndrome, and increased waist-to-hip ratio, and influence food consumption in adults with obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.008
Roderick Dashwood , Francesco Visioli
l-Theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found abundantly in tea leaves. Interest in its potential use as a dietary supplement has surged recently, especially claims related to promoting relaxation and cognitive enhancement. This review surveys the chemistry, metabolism, and purported biological activities of l-theanine. It is well absorbed from the intestine and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Some studies suggest l-theanine may increase alpha waves in the brain associated with relaxation and selective attention, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep quality, though findings are often inconsistent. Potential neuroprotective and anti-seizure effects have also been reported in animal models. When combined with caffeine, l-theanine may improve cognitive performance, alertness and focus. However, the evidence supporting many health claims remains limited, especially the lack of rigorous human clinical trials. While l-theanine exhibits a good safety profile based on toxicology studies, caution is warranted regarding the purported health benefits, until stronger scientific substantiation emerges. Overall, the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of l-theanine require further investigation, given the current interest and increasing popularity of this nutraceutical supplement marketed for brain health and relaxation. In the absence of well-designed and carefully controlled human clinical trials, we would urge caution in the use of l-theanine supplements at pharmacologic doses by the wider population, and believe that the science does not yet match the hype behind this trending supplement for brain health and relaxation.
{"title":"l-theanine: From tea leaf to trending supplement – does the science match the hype for brain health and relaxation?","authors":"Roderick Dashwood , Francesco Visioli","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>l</span>-Theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found abundantly in tea leaves. Interest in its potential use as a dietary supplement has surged recently, especially claims related to promoting relaxation and cognitive enhancement. This review surveys the chemistry, metabolism, and purported biological activities of <span>l</span>-theanine. It is well absorbed from the intestine and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Some studies suggest <span>l</span>-theanine may increase alpha waves in the brain associated with relaxation and selective attention, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep quality, though findings are often inconsistent. Potential neuroprotective and anti-seizure effects have also been reported in animal models. When combined with caffeine, <span>l</span>-theanine may improve cognitive performance, alertness and focus. However, the evidence supporting many health claims remains limited, especially the lack of rigorous human clinical trials. While <span>l</span>-theanine exhibits a good safety profile based on toxicology studies, caution is warranted regarding the purported health benefits, until stronger scientific substantiation emerges. Overall, the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of <span>l</span>-theanine require further investigation, given the current interest and increasing popularity of this nutraceutical supplement marketed for brain health and relaxation. In the absence of well-designed and carefully controlled human clinical trials, we would urge caution in the use of <span>l</span>-theanine supplements at pharmacologic doses by the wider population, and believe that the science does not yet match the hype behind this trending supplement for brain health and relaxation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.009
Luis Felipe Nunes de Oliveira , Carla Soraya Costa Maia , Maria Dinara de Araújo Nogueira , Thaynan dos Santos Dias , Matheus Aragão Dias Firmino , Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro , Elisabete Leide Marzola , Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes , Flávia Almeida Santos , Walter Breno de Souza Freire , Rodrigo Soares Fortunato , Adriano César Carneiro Loureiro
Previous evidence suggests that certain types of nuts, when included in a healthy diet pattern, may provide health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesize that the consumption of cashew nuts associated with a healthy diet may enhance antioxidant defenses and improve anthropometric and body composition parameters in individuals with obesity. We conducted a 12-week randomized clinical trial, divided into 4 sessions, involving adolescents randomly assigned to receive either 30 g of roasted cashew nuts together with nutrition education (cashew nut group-CNG) or only nutrition education (control group-CG). The total number of participants who started the study was 142, with 77 in the CNG and 65 in the CG. Data on anthropometry, body composition, and oxidative stress were collected at baseline (0-week) and endpoint (12-week). The main post-intervention findings in the CNG showed decreases in waist circumference (WC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 60 minutes in the CNG, while neck circumference (NC) increased. However, the CG showed an increase in TBARS and percentage of lean body mass (LBM), along with reduction in TAC at 60 minutes. After 12 weeks, the consumption of cashew nuts seemed to assist in WC reduction, even without a decrease in other anthropometric parameters, thereby decreasing the cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, the consumption of cashew nuts demonstrated the ability to decrease overall oxidative damage as assessed by TBARS, a finding that reinforces the effects of this nut consumption against systemic oxidative stress associated with obesity.
{"title":"Cashew nut consumption reduces waist circumference and oxidative stress in adolescents with obesity: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Luis Felipe Nunes de Oliveira , Carla Soraya Costa Maia , Maria Dinara de Araújo Nogueira , Thaynan dos Santos Dias , Matheus Aragão Dias Firmino , Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro , Elisabete Leide Marzola , Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes , Flávia Almeida Santos , Walter Breno de Souza Freire , Rodrigo Soares Fortunato , Adriano César Carneiro Loureiro","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous evidence suggests that certain types of nuts, when included in a healthy diet pattern, may provide health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesize that the consumption of cashew nuts associated with a healthy diet may enhance antioxidant defenses and improve anthropometric and body composition parameters in individuals with obesity. We conducted a 12-week randomized clinical trial, divided into 4 sessions, involving adolescents randomly assigned to receive either 30 g of roasted cashew nuts together with nutrition education (cashew nut group-CNG) or only nutrition education (control group-CG). The total number of participants who started the study was 142, with 77 in the CNG and 65 in the CG. Data on anthropometry, body composition, and oxidative stress were collected at baseline (0-week) and endpoint (12-week). The main post-intervention findings in the CNG showed decreases in waist circumference (WC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 60 minutes in the CNG, while neck circumference (NC) increased. However, the CG showed an increase in TBARS and percentage of lean body mass (LBM), along with reduction in TAC at 60 minutes. After 12 weeks, the consumption of cashew nuts seemed to assist in WC reduction, even without a decrease in other anthropometric parameters, thereby decreasing the cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, the consumption of cashew nuts demonstrated the ability to decrease overall oxidative damage as assessed by TBARS, a finding that reinforces the effects of this nut consumption against systemic oxidative stress associated with obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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