Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.011
Stefan Kabisch
{"title":"AI slop in today’s nutritional epidemiology – a worrisome trend with need for countermeasures","authors":"Stefan Kabisch","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 94-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.08.002
Daniel Forster , Gustavo Waclawovsky , Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the chronic effects of sodium nitrate (NO₃⁻) supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) in adults. Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving participants aged ≥18 years and lasting at least one week were included. Studies with beetroot juice as an intervention and studies with animals were excluded. Searches in PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and grey literature were conducted in June 2025. Effect estimates were pooled as mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs using a random-effects model with Hartung-Knapp adjustment and the inverse variance method. All analyses were performed using RStudio with the meta package. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Six studies (n = 181 participants; 59% male; > 50 years of age) were eligible for analysis. Compared to the placebo condition, NO₃⁻ supplementation did not result in significant reductions in DBP (MD: –2.00 mm Hg; 95% CI: –4.37 to 0.38 mm Hg); SBP (MD: –3.81 mm Hg; 95% CI: –10.05 to 2.43 mm Hg); and RHR (MD: 0.34 bpm; 95% CI: –5.68 to 6.36 bpm). The average PEDro score indicated a low risk of bias (8.16 points). In conclusion, the current evidence does not support reductions in blood pressure levels in older adults following NO₃⁻ supplementation. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of available randomized controlled trials, further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to better understand the long-term effects of this compound on blood pressure.
这项系统回顾和荟萃分析调查了硝酸钠（NO₃⁻）补充剂对成年人收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和静息心率（RHR）的慢性影响。纳入年龄≥18岁且持续至少一周的安慰剂对照随机临床试验（RCTs）。以甜菜根汁作为干预的研究和动物研究被排除在外。检索PubMed， Cochrane， LILACS, Web of Science， SCOPUS和灰色文献于2025年6月进行。使用Hartung-Knapp校正的随机效应模型和逆方差法，将效应估计合并为95% ci的平均差异（MD）。所有的分析都是使用带有meta包的RStudio进行的。偏倚风险评估采用PEDro量表。6项研究（n = 181名参与者，59%为男性，50岁）符合分析条件。与安慰剂相比，NO₃⁻补充没有导致DBP的显著降低（MD: -2.00 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.37至0.38 mm Hg）；收缩压（MD: -3.81 mm Hg; 95% CI: -10.05 ~ 2.43 mm Hg）；RHR （MD: 0.34 bpm; 95% CI: -5.68 ~ 6.36 bpm）。平均PEDro评分显示偏倚风险较低（8.16分）。总之，目前的证据并不支持在NO₃⁻补充后老年人的血压水平会降低。然而，由于可用的随机对照试验数量有限，需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，并更好地了解这种化合物对血压的长期影响。
{"title":"Effects of chronic nitrate supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Daniel Forster , Gustavo Waclawovsky , Giuseppe Potrick Stefani","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the chronic effects of sodium nitrate (NO₃⁻) supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) in adults. Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving participants aged ≥18 years and lasting at least one week were included. Studies with beetroot juice as an intervention and studies with animals were excluded. Searches in PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and grey literature were conducted in June 2025. Effect estimates were pooled as mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs using a random-effects model with Hartung-Knapp adjustment and the inverse variance method. All analyses were performed using RStudio with the meta package. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Six studies (n = 181 participants; 59% male; > 50 years of age) were eligible for analysis. Compared to the placebo condition, NO₃⁻ supplementation did not result in significant reductions in DBP (MD: –2.00 mm Hg; 95% CI: –4.37 to 0.38 mm Hg); SBP (MD: –3.81 mm Hg; 95% CI: –10.05 to 2.43 mm Hg); and RHR (MD: 0.34 bpm; 95% CI: –5.68 to 6.36 bpm). The average PEDro score indicated a low risk of bias (8.16 points). In conclusion, the current evidence does not support reductions in blood pressure levels in older adults following NO₃⁻ supplementation. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of available randomized controlled trials, further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to better understand the long-term effects of this compound on blood pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.010
Han Li , Miao Li , Sijia Fei , Ting Xie , Lixin Guo , Qi Pan
As a major response to chronic hepatic injury, liver fibrosis presents a growing global health challenge. However, its association with metabolomic signatures remains unclear. In this study of 492 patients, we evaluated associations between 30 metabolites and liver fibrosis, which was assessed non-invasively using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. We hypothesized that metabolic changes promote fibrosis partly through inflammatory pathways. Propensity score matching, Spearman’s correlation, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline analyses were employed to identify key metabolites associated with fibrosis risk. Mediation analysis further investigated inflammatory biomarkers as potential mediators. Elevated plasma glutamine [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.04], log-transformed C18:1-acylcarnitine (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.12-5.95), and betaine (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06-1.36) were strongly related to increased liver fibrosis risks, whereas lower alanine concentration (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00) correlated with decreased risks. Several metabolites [specifically alanine, log-transformed C18:1-acylcarnitine, and betaine (all P overall < .05, P non-linear > .05)] showed linear dose-response relationships with fibrosis risk. Inflammatory factors, notably the neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (mediation proportion = 49.7%, P = .01), and metabolites including glutamic acid (mediation proportion = –23.4%, P = .47) and betaine (mediation proportion = 48.3%, P = .03), significantly mediated the relationship between C18:1-acylcarnitine and liver fibrosis. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of key metabolomic biomarkers may interact with inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating liver fibrosis, and underscore the modulating roles of inflammation in the progression of liver fibrosis.
{"title":"Elevated C18:1-acylcarnitine is associated with a higher fibrosis-4 index through inflammation mediation: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Han Li , Miao Li , Sijia Fei , Ting Xie , Lixin Guo , Qi Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a major response to chronic hepatic injury, liver fibrosis presents a growing global health challenge. However, its association with metabolomic signatures remains unclear. In this study of 492 patients, we evaluated associations between 30 metabolites and liver fibrosis, which was assessed non-invasively using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. We hypothesized that metabolic changes promote fibrosis partly through inflammatory pathways. Propensity score matching, Spearman’s correlation, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline analyses were employed to identify key metabolites associated with fibrosis risk. Mediation analysis further investigated inflammatory biomarkers as potential mediators. Elevated plasma glutamine [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.04], log-transformed C18:1-acylcarnitine (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.12-5.95), and betaine (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06-1.36) were strongly related to increased liver fibrosis risks, whereas lower alanine concentration (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00) correlated with decreased risks. Several metabolites [specifically alanine, log-transformed C18:1-acylcarnitine, and betaine (all <em>P</em> overall < .05, <em>P</em> non-linear > .05)] showed linear dose-response relationships with fibrosis risk. Inflammatory factors, notably the neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (mediation proportion = 49.7%, <em>P</em> = .01), and metabolites including glutamic acid (mediation proportion = –23.4%, <em>P</em> = .47) and betaine (mediation proportion = 48.3%, <em>P</em> = .03), significantly mediated the relationship between C18:1-acylcarnitine and liver fibrosis. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of key metabolomic biomarkers may interact with inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating liver fibrosis, and underscore the modulating roles of inflammation in the progression of liver fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.002
Roghayeh Molani-Gol , Sara Safari , Saba Esmaeil Zadeh Tolouei , Maryam Rafraf
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing around the world. We hypothesized that time-restricted eating (TRE) could impact cardiometabolic factors and anthropometric indices in adults with T2DM. This umbrella review aimed to provide an accurate estimate of the overall effects of TRE on these individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar through March 2025. The AMSTAR2 scale and GRADE tool were used to evaluate the methodological quality and certainty of the evidence. Stata 17 software was used for data analysis. Nine meta-analyses comprising 15 randomized controlled trials of 6386 participants with T2DM were included in this review. Meta-analyses findings revealed that TRE significantly reduced the concentration of fasting blood sugar (WMD = –7.514 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–10.959, –4.068]), glycated hemoglobin (WMD = –0.428, 95% CI [–0.682, –0.173]), postprandial plasma glucose (WMD = –1.235 mg/dL, 95% CI [–1.534, –0.937]), and systolic blood pressure (WMD = –3.960 mmHg, 95% CI [–5.495, –2.425]), weight (WMD = –1.200 kg, 95% CI [–2.096, –0.304]), body mass index (WMD = –0.979 kg/m2, 95% CI [–1.462, –0.495]), and waist circumference (WMD = –1.007 cm, 95% CI [–1.895, –0.120]) in comparison with the control group. However, the effects of TRE on lipid profiles, diastolic blood pressure, and body fat percentage of participants were not significant. The findings suggested that adherence to TRE could modulate glycemic indices, systolic blood pressure, and anthropometric indices without improvement in lipid profiles and diastolic blood pressure in adults with T2DM.
{"title":"Beneficial effects of time-restricted eating on some cardiometabolic factors and anthropometric measures in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella meta-analysis of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Roghayeh Molani-Gol , Sara Safari , Saba Esmaeil Zadeh Tolouei , Maryam Rafraf","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing around the world. We hypothesized that time-restricted eating (TRE) could impact cardiometabolic factors and anthropometric indices in adults with T2DM. This umbrella review aimed to provide an accurate estimate of the overall effects of TRE on these individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar through March 2025. The AMSTAR2 scale and GRADE tool were used to evaluate the methodological quality and certainty of the evidence. Stata 17 software was used for data analysis. Nine meta-analyses comprising 15 randomized controlled trials of 6386 participants with T2DM were included in this review. Meta-analyses findings revealed that TRE significantly reduced the concentration of fasting blood sugar (WMD = –7.514 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–10.959, –4.068]), glycated hemoglobin (WMD = –0.428, 95% CI [–0.682, –0.173]), postprandial plasma glucose (WMD = –1.235 mg/dL, 95% CI [–1.534, –0.937]), and systolic blood pressure (WMD = –3.960 mmHg, 95% CI [–5.495, –2.425]), weight (WMD = –1.200 kg, 95% CI [–2.096, –0.304]), body mass index (WMD = –0.979 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI [–1.462, –0.495]), and waist circumference (WMD = –1.007 cm, 95% CI [–1.895, –0.120]) in comparison with the control group. However, the effects of TRE on lipid profiles, diastolic blood pressure, and body fat percentage of participants were not significant. The findings suggested that adherence to TRE could modulate glycemic indices, systolic blood pressure, and anthropometric indices without improvement in lipid profiles and diastolic blood pressure in adults with T2DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"145 ","pages":"Pages 87-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.003
Sha Li, Ming Xiao
This research intends to ascertain the link between Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020) and sarcopenia in US adults. Data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Weighted logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to ascertain the independent association between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) approach was employed to examine the dose-response link between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia. Additionally, Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was leveraged to evaluate links between individual components of HEI-2020 and sarcopenia. The analysis included 8467 participants in total. The median HEI-2020 score was 49.48, and the overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.69%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was substantially lower among participants in the highest quartile of HEI-2020 (Q4) than among those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.371-0.779, P = .002). A linearly negative correlation between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia was found by the RCS analysis. Interaction analyses indicated significant heterogeneity across age subgroups. WQS analysis identified 13 dietary components that collectively exhibited a protective effect on sarcopenia risk, with dairy products emerging as the most influential component. In conclusion, in US individuals, the risk of sarcopenia was negatively correlated with higher HEI-2020 scores. Higher HEI-2020 scores indicate a healthy diet,which may lower the risk of sarcopenia and hold the potential for informing dietary recommendations in clinical settings.
本研究旨在确定健康饮食指数2020 （HEI-2020）与美国成年人肌肉减少症之间的联系。这项横断面分析使用了2011-2018年全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。采用加权logistic回归和亚组分析来确定HEI-2020与肌肉减少症之间的独立关联。采用限制性三次样条（RCS）方法来检查HEI-2020与肌肉减少症之间的剂量-反应关系。此外，加权分位和（WQS）回归被用来评估HEI-2020的各个组成部分与肌肉减少症之间的联系。该分析共包括8467名参与者。HEI-2020评分中位数为49.48，肌肉减少症的总体患病率为8.69%。HEI-2020 （Q4）中最高四分位数（OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.371-0.779, P = 0.002）参与者中肌肉减少症的患病率明显低于最低四分位数（Q1）的参与者（OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.371-0.779, P = 0.002）。RCS分析发现HEI-2020与肌肉减少症呈线性负相关。交互作用分析显示不同年龄组之间存在显著的异质性。WQS分析确定了13种饮食成分，它们共同显示出对肌肉减少症风险的保护作用，乳制品是最具影响力的成分。总之，在美国个体中，肌肉减少症的风险与较高的HEI-2020分数呈负相关。HEI-2020得分越高，表明饮食健康，这可能降低肌肉减少症的风险，并有可能为临床环境中的饮食建议提供信息。
{"title":"Association between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia in US adults: A study based on the 2011-2018 NHANES data","authors":"Sha Li, Ming Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research intends to ascertain the link between Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020) and sarcopenia in US adults. Data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Weighted logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to ascertain the independent association between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) approach was employed to examine the dose-response link between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia. Additionally, Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was leveraged to evaluate links between individual components of HEI-2020 and sarcopenia. The analysis included 8467 participants in total. The median HEI-2020 score was 49.48, and the overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.69%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was substantially lower among participants in the highest quartile of HEI-2020 (Q4) than among those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.371-0.779, <em>P</em> = .002). A linearly negative correlation between HEI-2020 and sarcopenia was found by the RCS analysis. Interaction analyses indicated significant heterogeneity across age subgroups. WQS analysis identified 13 dietary components that collectively exhibited a protective effect on sarcopenia risk, with dairy products emerging as the most influential component. In conclusion, in US individuals, the risk of sarcopenia was negatively correlated with higher HEI-2020 scores. Higher HEI-2020 scores indicate a healthy diet,which may lower the risk of sarcopenia and hold the potential for informing dietary recommendations in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"145 ","pages":"Pages 102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.006
Javad Barouei , Alice Martinic , Zach Bendiks , Darya Mishchuk , Dustin Heeney , Carolyn M. Slupsky , Maria L. Marco
{"title":"Erratum to “Type 2–resistant starch and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 result in additive and interactive effects in diet-induced obese mice” [Nutrition Research Volume 118, October 2023, Pages 12-28]","authors":"Javad Barouei , Alice Martinic , Zach Bendiks , Darya Mishchuk , Dustin Heeney , Carolyn M. Slupsky , Maria L. Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"145 ","pages":"Page 112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small intestinal villous atrophy, a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy, impairs nutrient absorption and worsens participant quality of life. Although the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog teduglutide can promote villus regeneration, its clinical application is limited. We hypothesized that dietary low-digestible glucans (LDGs) would enhance GLP-2 secretion and accelerate mucosal recovery. This study evaluated whether LDGs stimulate GLP-2 secretion and facilitate recovery from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced villous atrophy in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5-FU to induce villous atrophy, followed by diets containing resistant maltodextrin (RMD) or isomaltodextrin as LDGs. Portal GLP-2 concentrations, small intestinal villus height, maltase activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were assessed at 3 and 6 days after LDG supplementation. LDG supplementation significantly increased portal GLP-2 concentrations and accelerated recovery of villus height in the small intestine, especially in the ileum, compared with controls. Notably, villus height in the RMD group recovered within 3 days, whereas 6 days were required in controls. Both RMD and isomaltodextrin increased cecal tissue weight, and LDGs induced only a transient reduction in cecal acetate concentration. However, when 5-FU was administered concurrently, LDGs did not promote villus recovery, suggesting that their effect requires preserved epithelial proliferative capacity. In summary, LDGs promote rapid recovery of small intestinal villi after chemotherapy-induced injury, possibly through enhanced GLP-2 secretion. Dietary LDGs may offer a novel nutritional intervention to support mucosal recovery in participants undergoing cancer chemotherapy.
{"title":"Low-digestible glucans promote rapid recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced small intestinal villous atrophy while enhancing glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion in rats","authors":"Rikako Nishina , Shingo Hino , Chikara Kato , Naomichi Nishimura","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small intestinal villous atrophy, a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy, impairs nutrient absorption and worsens participant quality of life. Although the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog teduglutide can promote villus regeneration, its clinical application is limited. We hypothesized that dietary low-digestible glucans (LDGs) would enhance GLP-2 secretion and accelerate mucosal recovery. This study evaluated whether LDGs stimulate GLP-2 secretion and facilitate recovery from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced villous atrophy in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5-FU to induce villous atrophy, followed by diets containing resistant maltodextrin (RMD) or isomaltodextrin as LDGs. Portal GLP-2 concentrations, small intestinal villus height, maltase activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were assessed at 3 and 6 days after LDG supplementation. LDG supplementation significantly increased portal GLP-2 concentrations and accelerated recovery of villus height in the small intestine, especially in the ileum, compared with controls. Notably, villus height in the RMD group recovered within 3 days, whereas 6 days were required in controls. Both RMD and isomaltodextrin increased cecal tissue weight, and LDGs induced only a transient reduction in cecal acetate concentration. However, when 5-FU was administered concurrently, LDGs did not promote villus recovery, suggesting that their effect requires preserved epithelial proliferative capacity. In summary, LDGs promote rapid recovery of small intestinal villi after chemotherapy-induced injury, possibly through enhanced GLP-2 secretion. Dietary LDGs may offer a novel nutritional intervention to support mucosal recovery in participants undergoing cancer chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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