Nonlinear relaxation behavior and competing aging mechanisms in GAP-based propellants under thermal aging

IF 2.1 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI:10.1007/s11043-025-09764-1

Jiangtao Wang, Guanglong Zhang, Li Yang, Xiangyang Liu, Ningfei Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-based propellants, known for their high energy efficiency, exhibit unique nonlinear variations in viscoelastic behavior during thermal aging, which is distinct from the monotonic trends observed in traditional propellants. This paper investigates the relaxation behavior of GAP-based propellants subjected to thermal aging at 60 °C. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses are conducted to reveal the underlying mechanisms driving the nonlinear relaxation response. The aging process is classified into three distinct stages: an initial phase dominated by post-curing reactions, followed by competing effects from crosslink network scission, and plasticizer degradation. These competing mechanisms affect the relaxation through microscopic changes in free volume, resulting in complex viscoelastic responses. A predictive model is developed for the relaxation modulus to take into account of these aging mechanisms, with capability to capture the nonlinear fluctuations in the aging shift factor. The proposed model provides accurate predictions of relaxation behavior during thermal aging, including the long-term performance of GAP-based propellants.

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来源期刊

Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials accepts contributions dealing with the time-dependent mechanical properties of solid polymers, metals, ceramics, concrete, wood, or their composites. It is recognized that certain materials can be in the melt state as function of temperature and/or pressure. Contributions concerned with fundamental issues relating to processing and melt-to-solid transition behaviour are welcome, as are contributions addressing time-dependent failure and fracture phenomena. Manuscripts addressing environmental issues will be considered if they relate to time-dependent mechanical properties. The journal promotes the transfer of knowledge between various disciplines that deal with the properties of time-dependent solid materials but approach these from different angles. Among these disciplines are: Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Rheology, Materials Science, Polymer Physics, Design, and others.