Selective recovery of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using maleic acid-based deep eutectic solvent

IF 11.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Resources Conservation and Recycling Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108177

Parisa Biniaz , Rabi Gol , Saeed Askari , Yvonne Hora , Parama Chakraborty Banerjee , Sankar Bhattacharya

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Abstract

The sustainable recovery of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for environmental preservation and meeting the growing demand for critical minerals. This study presents an eco-friendly approach using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of maleic acid and choline chloride (1:1) for the selective recovery of Co, Ni, and Mn through a cooling crystallisation process. By precisely regulating the leaching system with DES, we were able to control the supersaturation of the leachate solution, allowing maleic acid to selectively form metal maleate complexes and crystallise them directly from the leachate solution. Under optimal conditions, leaching experiments achieved over 99 % recovery of all elements from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes. Detailed characterisations reveal that this method reduces the need for additional purification steps and minimises the use of extra reagents, demonstrating significant potential for the selective recovery of critical metals.

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来源期刊

Resources Conservation and Recycling 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

625

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Resources, Conservation & Recycling welcomes contributions from research, which consider sustainable management and conservation of resources. The journal prioritizes understanding the transformation processes crucial for transitioning toward more sustainable production and consumption systems. It highlights technological, economic, institutional, and policy aspects related to specific resource management practices such as conservation, recycling, and resource substitution, as well as broader strategies like improving resource productivity and restructuring production and consumption patterns. Contributions may address regional, national, or international scales and can range from individual resources or technologies to entire sectors or systems. Authors are encouraged to explore scientific and methodological issues alongside practical, environmental, and economic implications. However, manuscripts focusing solely on laboratory experiments without discussing their broader implications will not be considered for publication in the journal.