A comprehensive review of solid-state batteries

Abstract

In the era of the 20th century, energy storage technology is essentially as important as the penetration of renewable energy. Although Li-ion battery technology has been investigated for many years, a major breakthrough, the invention of solid-state batteries, has only recently arrived. It offers better safety, higher energy density, and improved cycle life. This paper reviews solid-state battery technology's current advancements and status, emphasizing key materials, battery architectures, and performance characteristics. We analyze various solid electrolyte materials, electrode materials, and interfacial engineering approaches to enhance ion transport and suppress dendrite formation. Furthermore, the critical aspect of battery degradation and its impact on the life cycle through various mechanisms are analyzed. Subsequently, the charging feature of solid-state batteries is explored. Finally, this paper gives the direction of improvements to the challenges threatening solid-state battery commercialization. This comprehensive review study offers valuable insights for regulators, industry professionals, and academics involved in developing a solid-state battery that promises safety, high performance, and sustainability.