Applied Energy最新文献

Can government green discourse-behavior congruence mitigate carbon emissions? A polynomial regression with response surface analysis 政府的绿色话语-行为一致性能否减少碳排放？响应面分析的多项式回归

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125008

Renyan Mu , Jingshu Zhang , Lu Zhang , Shidi He

As global climate change intensifies, the efficacy of governmental environmental policies and their implementation is pivotal for carbon emission control. The alignment between governmental green initiatives and their actions not only affects authority credibility but also determines the success of environmental governance outcomes. Therefore, investigating the congruence between government green discourse and behavior in achieving “dual carbon” objectives is critical for addressing climate change and facilitating systemic reforms. Applying panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022 based on polynomial regression and response surface, this study summarizes three main pathways through which government green discourse-behavior congruence influences carbon emissions: the state of congruence or incongruence, the degree of congruence, and the direction of incongruence. Congruent government green discourse and behavior more effectively reduce carbon emissions intensity than incongruent ones, while a higher degree of congruence leads to more significant reductions. The direction of incongruence also impacts carbon emissions intensity, particularly when government behaviors fall short of its discourses, leading to a higher carbon intensity growth rate. Furthermore, the moderating role of non-governmental entities' green innovation vitality is considered. The results reveal that the green innovation of non-governmental entities can partly substitute for the need for government discourse-behavior congruence in achieving carbon reduction. Specifically, green innovation of research institutions primarily enhances the positive environmental effects of increased government discourse-behavior congruence degree, while corporate green innovation mainly mitigates the negative environmental impacts of government incongruence direction. Consequently, the deep integration of government environmental initiatives and actions is advocated, along with the stimulation of green innovation among various entities, to more effectively combat global climate change. This study not only extends traditional congruence research from the micro level to the meso and macro levels and fills a theoretical gap, but also provides new insights into the process of government green governance worldwide.

随着全球气候变化的加剧，政府环境政策的有效性及其实施对碳排放的控制至关重要。政府绿色倡议与其行动的一致性不仅影响权威公信力，而且决定环境治理结果的成功与否。因此，研究政府在实现“双碳”目标过程中绿色话语与行为的一致性，对于应对气候变化和促进系统性改革至关重要。本文利用2012 - 2022年中国30个省份的面板数据，基于多项式回归和响应面分析，总结出政府绿色话语-行为一致性影响碳排放的三个主要路径：一致性或不一致性状态、一致性程度和不一致性方向。一致的政府绿色话语和行为比不一致的政府绿色话语和行为更有效地降低了碳排放强度，并且一致性程度越高，减少的碳排放强度越显著。不一致的方向也会影响碳排放强度，特别是当政府行为与其话语不符时，导致更高的碳强度增长率。在此基础上，分析了民间主体绿色创新活力的调节作用。研究结果表明，民间主体的绿色创新可以部分替代政府对碳减排话语-行为一致性的需求。其中，科研机构绿色创新主要增强了政府话语-行为一致度增加的积极环境效应，而企业绿色创新主要缓解了政府不一致方向的消极环境影响。因此，提倡将政府的环保倡议和行动深度整合，同时鼓励各实体之间的绿色创新，以更有效地应对全球气候变化。本研究不仅将传统的一致性研究从微观层面扩展到中观和宏观层面，填补了理论空白，而且为全球政府绿色治理的进程提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Gearbox pump failure prognostics in offshore wind turbine by an integrated data-driven model 基于集成数据驱动模型的海上风电齿轮箱泵故障预测

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124829

Wanwan Zhang, Jørn Vatn, Adil Rasheed

Offshore wind turbines face substantial challenges in operation and maintenance due to the harsh marine environment and remote locations. Predictive maintenance, encompassing fault diagnostics and failure prognostics, is a promising maintenance strategy to address these challenges. To contribute to this strategy, an integrated data-driven model is developed for probabilistic failure prognostics at the component level. The remaining useful life of a gearbox pump in an offshore wind turbine is predicted accurately based on supervisory control and data acquisition data. In this approach, light gradient boosting machines are tuned to model normal temperatures. The gated recurrent unit outperforms other neural networks and is selected to process temperature residuals with a Bayesian neural network. Results show that the prediction at the 50% percentile precedes the true failure time by 3.83 h. Moreover, there is 97.5% confidence that the true failure time falls within around

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5.3 h of the predicted time. Furthermore, the earliest alarm is issued at the 2.5% percentile, precisely 9.17 h prior to the true failure time. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of supervised learning and normal behavior modeling for probabilistic failure prognostics of offshore wind turbine components.

由于恶劣的海洋环境和偏远的地理位置，海上风力涡轮机在运行和维护方面面临着巨大的挑战。预测性维护，包括故障诊断和故障预测，是解决这些挑战的一种有前途的维护策略。为了实现这一策略，开发了一个集成的数据驱动模型，用于组件级别的概率故障预测。基于监测控制和数据采集数据，对海上风电齿轮箱泵的剩余使用寿命进行了准确预测。在这种方法中，光梯度增强机被调整为模拟正常温度。该门控循环单元优于其他神经网络，并被选择用于贝叶斯神经网络处理温度残差。结果表明，在50%百分位处的预测比真实故障时间提前3.83 h，并且，有97.5%的置信度，真实故障时间在预测时间的±5.3 h左右。此外，最早的警报在2.5%的百分位数发出，正好比真正的故障时间早9.17小时。本研究证明了监督学习和正常行为建模对海上风力发电机组部件概率故障预测的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Capacity fade-aware parameter identification of zero-dimensional model for vanadium redox flow batteries 钒氧化还原液流电池零维模型容量衰减感知参数辨识

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124989

Jinho Ha , Seongyoon Kim , Youngkwon Kim , Jung-Il Choi

This study proposes a framework for evaluating the electrochemical performance of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) system. First, a numerical solver for redox flow battery is constructed to represent the multi-physics system through systems of ordinary differential equations, which describe the mass conservation of existing vanadium ions. The present numerical model is validated regarding the voltage by comparing its results with the experimental results of previous studies. Second, we identify the parameters in the governing equations using a genetic algorithm with the present numerical model. We select seven parameters by considering the physical meaning of each parameter related to the electrochemical performance. The voltage for the first charging/discharging cycle and capacity fade data are used to identify the selected parameters. The voltage and capacity fade estimated by the parameters identified using the numerical model align with the previous studies. Finally, we analyze the global sensitivity of the identified parameters in terms of the voltage and capacity fade using the total Sobol’ indices because the high sensitivity confirms that the identified parameters have reliable values. As expected, voltage- and capacity-related parameters show high total Sobol’ indices for the voltage and discharging capacity, respectively. Furthermore, we predict the performance of the VRFBs using the identified parameter set and numerical model during 30-cycle operations. Additionally, the performance is compared according to the current density and vanadium concentration in the electrolyte. The proposed framework can be used to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of developed VRFBs by identifying parameters related to physical performance, such as voltage and capacity fade. Moreover, the identified parameters can be utilized to predict voltage and capacity performance, enabling the optimization of operating conditions and configurations of VRFBs.

本研究提出了一个评估钒氧化还原液流电池（VRFB）系统电化学性能的框架。首先，通过描述钒离子质量守恒的常微分方程组，构建了氧化还原液流电池的多物理场方程组的数值求解器。通过与前人实验结果的比较，验证了数值模型对电压的影响。其次，利用遗传算法对控制方程中的参数进行辨识。我们通过考虑每个参数与电化学性能相关的物理意义，选择了7个参数。第一次充电/放电周期的电压和容量衰减数据用于识别所选参数。利用数值模型确定的参数估计的电压和容量衰减与前人的研究结果一致。最后，我们利用总Sobol指数分析了识别参数在电压和容量衰减方面的全局灵敏度，因为高灵敏度证实了识别参数具有可靠的值。正如预期的那样，电压和容量相关参数分别显示出较高的电压和放电容量总Sobol指数。在此基础上，利用所确定的参数集和数值模型预测了vrfb在30次循环运行中的性能。此外，还根据电解液中的电流密度和钒浓度对其性能进行了比较。所提出的框架可以通过识别与物理性能相关的参数（如电压和容量衰减）来评估所开发的vrfb的电化学特性。此外，所识别的参数可用于预测电压和容量性能，从而优化vrfb的工作条件和配置。

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引用次数: 0

Robust preventive and corrective security-constrained OPF for worst contingencies with the adoption of VPP: A safe reinforcement learning approach 采用VPP的鲁棒预防性和纠正性安全约束OPF：一种安全的强化学习方法

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124970

Xiang Wei , Ka Wing Chan , Guibin Wang , Ze Hu , Ziqing Zhu , Xian Zhang

The rising frequency of extreme weather events calls for urgent measures to improve the resilience and reliability of power systems. This paper, therefore, presents a robust preventive-corrective security-constrained optimal power flow (PCSCOPF) model designed to strengthen power system reliability during N-k outages. The model integrates fast-response virtual power plants (VPPs), dynamically adjusting their injections to mitigate post-contingency overloads and maintain branch flows within emergency limits. Additionally, a novel approach combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with Lagrangian relaxation is introduced to efficiently solve the PCSCOPF decision-making problem. By framing the problem as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP), the proposed Lagrangian-based soft actor-critic (L-SAC) algorithm optimizes control actions while ensuring constraint satisfaction during the exploration process. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems to evaluate their computational efficiency and reliability.

极端天气事件日益频繁，要求采取紧急措施提高电力系统的恢复能力和可靠性。因此，本文提出了一种鲁棒的预防纠正安全约束最优潮流（PCSCOPF）模型，旨在提高N-k停电期间电力系统的可靠性。该模型集成了快速响应的虚拟电厂（vpp），动态调整它们的注入，以减轻事故后的过载，并将分支流量维持在紧急限制内。此外，提出了一种将深度强化学习（DRL）与拉格朗日松弛相结合的新方法来有效地解决PCSCOPF决策问题。通过将问题定义为约束马尔可夫决策过程（CMDP），本文提出的基于拉格朗日的软行为者评价（L-SAC）算法在保证约束满足的同时优化控制动作。对IEEE 30总线和118总线系统进行了广泛的研究，以评估它们的计算效率和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

A digital twin of multiple energy hub systems with peer-to-peer energy sharing 具有点对点能源共享的多个能源枢纽系统的数字孪生

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124908

Shiyao Li , Yue Zhou , Jianzhong Wu , Yiqun Pan , Zhizhong Huang , Nan Zhou

As climate change has become a global concern, the decarbonization of energy systems has become a prominent solution for CO₂ emission reduction. The recent emergence of multi-energy hub systems (MEHs), characterized by interconnected energy hubs (EHs) and facilitated by energy sharing, presents a promising solution for seamlessly integrating a significant share of renewable energy sources (RESs) and flexibility among EHs. Faced with the intricate interplay and uncertainty of future energy markets, an extensive digital twin (EXDT) is proposed to perform predictive testing and evaluate the performance of MESs. This EXDT provides energy system operators with insights into the coordinated behavior of interconnected EHs under various future scenarios, thus contributing to smarter decision-making processes. Specifically, an array of scenarios including different decision-making strategies and P2P energy sharing strategies were considered. For each of these scenarios,"what-if" tests were conducted using a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)-based method to model the stochastic decision-making process of EHs belonging to different stakeholders with access to local information. Uncertainties during operation can be mitigated using Markov Game (MG) by capturing knowledge from historical energy data. Subsequently, the economic and technical performance were evaluated using multidimensional evaluation indexes. The proposed MARL-based EXDT was applied to a representative 4-EH multi-energy system in China. Simulation results indicate that P2P energy sharing facilitates the local consumption of renewable energy, providing additional financial benefits and self-sufficiency to each EH and offering peak shaving to the upstream grid. Additionally, system performance under various decision-making and P2P sharing strategies was tested and evaluated to identify the impact of these strategies on system operation.

随着气候变化成为全球关注的问题，能源系统的脱碳已成为减少二氧化碳排放的突出解决方案。最近出现的多能源枢纽系统（MEHs），其特点是相互连接的能源枢纽（EHs），并通过能源共享加以促进，为无缝整合大量可再生能源（RESs）和能源枢纽之间的灵活性提供了一个有前途的解决方案。面对未来能源市场错综复杂的相互作用和不确定性，提出了一个广泛的数字孪生（EXDT）来进行预测测试和评估MESs的性能。EXDT为能源系统运营商提供了对未来各种情况下相互连接的EHs协调行为的洞察，从而有助于制定更明智的决策过程。具体而言，考虑了包括不同决策策略和P2P能量共享策略在内的一系列场景。对于每种情况，使用基于多智能体强化学习（MARL）的方法进行了“假设”测试，以模拟属于不同利益相关者的EHs在访问本地信息时的随机决策过程。利用马尔可夫博弈（MG）从历史能源数据中获取知识，可以缓解运行过程中的不确定性。随后，采用多维评价指标对其经济技术性能进行了评价。本文提出的基于marl的EXDT应用于中国代表性的4-EH多能系统。仿真结果表明，P2P能源共享促进了可再生能源的本地消费，为每个EH提供了额外的经济效益和自给自足，并为上游电网提供了调峰。此外，我们还测试和评估了不同决策策略和P2P共享策略下的系统性能，以确定这些策略对系统运行的影响。

{"title":"A digital twin of multiple energy hub systems with peer-to-peer energy sharing","authors":"Shiyao Li , Yue Zhou , Jianzhong Wu , Yiqun Pan , Zhizhong Huang , Nan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change has become a global concern, the decarbonization of energy systems has become a prominent solution for CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction. The recent emergence of multi-energy hub systems (MEHs), characterized by interconnected energy hubs (EHs) and facilitated by energy sharing, presents a promising solution for seamlessly integrating a significant share of renewable energy sources (RESs) and flexibility among EHs. Faced with the intricate interplay and uncertainty of future energy markets, an extensive digital twin (EXDT) is proposed to perform predictive testing and evaluate the performance of MESs. This EXDT provides energy system operators with insights into the coordinated behavior of interconnected EHs under various future scenarios, thus contributing to smarter decision-making processes. Specifically, an array of scenarios including different decision-making strategies and P2P energy sharing strategies were considered. For each of these scenarios,\"what-if\" tests were conducted using a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)-based method to model the stochastic decision-making process of EHs belonging to different stakeholders with access to local information. Uncertainties during operation can be mitigated using Markov Game (MG) by capturing knowledge from historical energy data. Subsequently, the economic and technical performance were evaluated using multidimensional evaluation indexes. The proposed MARL-based EXDT was applied to a representative 4-EH multi-energy system in China. Simulation results indicate that P2P energy sharing facilitates the local consumption of renewable energy, providing additional financial benefits and self-sufficiency to each EH and offering peak shaving to the upstream grid. Additionally, system performance under various decision-making and P2P sharing strategies was tested and evaluated to identify the impact of these strategies on system operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124908"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy systems integration and sector coupling in future ports: A qualitative study of Norwegian ports 未来港口的能源系统整合和部门耦合：挪威港口的定性研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125003

Cecilia Gabrielii , Marte Gammelsæter , Eirill Bachmann Mehammer , Sigrid Damman , Hanne Kauko , Line Rydså

Ports will play an important role in the decarbonisation of maritime transport towards 2050, and for the energy transition in a larger perspective. In this context, options for integrating multiple energy carriers and end-user sectors are seldom addressed. This study aims at qualitatively assessing the energy transition in Norwegian ports, centred around energy supply to the maritime sector, but with a particular focus on sector coupling and energy system integration. To elaborate on plausible energy systems in ports towards 2050, four exploratory scenarios were designed, driven by a low or high techno-economic and socio-technical development. Four case ports were selected for the scenario assessment, differing in ship traffic, ownership, location, port activities, nearby industries, current energy carriers, and ambition level for energy transition.

The assessment of the four case ports reveals many options for energy and sectoral interactions. Following the electrification of maritime and road transport, as well as the port itself and nearby industries, it was shown that sector coupling facilitates renewable power production in all case port. A more complex multi-energy carrier integration, e.g., between electricity, heat and hydrogen, is of special relevance for ports located near offshore wind establishments and heat demanding sectors like aquaculture industry or buildings with central heating. Here, sector coupling could trigger hydrogen production in the port area, and thereby enable hydrogen supply to ships. Concludingly, energy and sectoral interactions contribute towards a decarbonised, flexible and efficient port energy system, however, the benefit depends on port characteristics and energy transition scenarios.

到2050年，港口将在海上运输的脱碳过程中发挥重要作用，从更大的角度来看，港口将在能源转型中发挥重要作用。在这种情况下，整合多种能源载体和最终用户部门的选择很少得到解决。本研究旨在定性地评估挪威港口的能源转型，以海事部门的能源供应为中心，但特别关注部门耦合和能源系统集成。为了详细阐述到2050年可行的港口能源系统，在低技术或高技术经济和社会技术发展的驱动下，设计了四种探索性情景。选择了四个案例港口进行情景评估，这些港口在船舶流量、所有权、位置、港口活动、附近工业、当前的能源载体和能源转型的雄心水平方面有所不同。对四个案例港口的评估揭示了能源和部门互动的许多选择。随着海上和公路运输以及港口本身和附近工业的电气化，该研究表明，部门耦合促进了所有港口的可再生能源生产。更复杂的多能载体集成，例如电力、热能和氢气之间的集成，对于位于海上风力设施附近的港口和需要热量的部门（如水产养殖业或有集中供暖的建筑物）特别相关。在这里，部门耦合可以触发港区的氢气生产，从而使氢气供应给船舶。最后，能源和部门的相互作用有助于建立一个脱碳、灵活和高效的港口能源系统，然而，效益取决于港口的特点和能源转型情景。

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引用次数: 0

Advances and challenges in hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric systems for renewable energy 可再生能源光伏-热电混合系统的进展与挑战

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125032

Raza Moshwan , Xiao-Lei Shi , Min Zhang , Yicheng Yue , Wei-Di Liu , Meng Li , Lijun Wang , Daniel Liang , Zhi-Gang Chen

Integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with photovoltaic (PV) devices presents an effective strategy to enhance the power generation of PV cells, thus substantially contributing to the widespread adoption of solar energy. By harnessing both photon and heat energy from sunlight, this integration maximizes energy capture and improves overall system efficiency, thereby advancing the feasibility and scalability of solar energy generation. This article provides a timely review of the advances and challenges in hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) technology, covering fundamentals, the impact of thermal, contact, and load resistance on performance, various integration options (such as hybrid PV-TEG systems with spectral splitters, phase change materials, and thermal systems), thermal management, feasibility, economic and environmental aspects, and long-term efficiency improvements. Following a detailed analysis and review of extensive progress, PV-TEG systems demonstrate higher efficiency across diverse environmental conditions compared to standalone PV devices. Finally, we address constraints, propose potential remedies, and point out future directions in the field.

将热电发电机（teg）与光伏（PV）器件集成是提高光伏电池发电能力的有效策略，从而大大促进了太阳能的广泛采用。通过利用来自阳光的光子和热能，这种集成最大限度地提高了能量捕获和整体系统效率，从而提高了太阳能发电的可行性和可扩展性。本文及时回顾了混合光伏热电发电机（PV-TEG）技术的进展和挑战，涵盖基础知识，热，接触和负载电阻对性能的影响，各种集成选项（如混合PV-TEG系统与光谱分离器，相变材料和热系统），热管理，可行性，经济和环境方面，以及长期效率改进。经过详细的分析和回顾，PV- teg系统在不同的环境条件下比独立的PV设备具有更高的效率。最后，我们讨论了制约因素，提出了潜在的补救措施，并指出了该领域的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of single-machine equivalent methods for heterogeneous PMSG-based wind farm with the VSC-HVDC system 基于pmsg的异质风电场单机等效方法与VSC-HVDC系统的比较分析

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124988

Qiao Li , Linlin Wu , Xiao Wang , Wenjuan Du , Haifeng Wang

This paper presents a comparative study of four single-machine equivalent methods used to simplify the analysis of small-signal stability (SSS) in grid-connected wind farms composed of multiple wind turbine generators (WTGs), particularly focusing on heterogeneous permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind farms with a VSC-HVDC system. The four methods compared are (1) the dynamic aggregation method, (2) the average power or average control parameter method, (3) the weighted average method, and (4) the covering theorem method. The comparative analysis highlights the connections and differences among those four methods that help to gain a better understanding of their strengths and limitations as follows: (1) When the dynamic characteristics of individual PMSGs are different, the dynamic aggregation method may result in errors in assessing system SSS. (2) The average power and weighted average methods are accurate in assessing the system's SSS when a linear relationship exists between the system's oscillation modes and the PMSG output or control parameters. However, both methods may give erroneous SSS assessments when this linearity does not hold. (3) The weighted average method can accurately assess SSS when wind speeds differ across PMSGs, while the average wind speed method produces errors. (4) The covering theorem method is found to be conservative in SSS assessment. Finally, the methods are validated through simulations on two PMSG-based wind farm topologies connected to the grid with a VSC-HVDC system.

本文比较研究了四种单机等效方法，用于简化由多台风力发电机组成的并网风电场的小信号稳定性（SSS）分析，特别关注了基于异质永磁同步发电机（PMSG）的风电场与VSC-HVDC系统。比较的四种方法是(1)动态聚合法，(2)平均功率或平均控制参数法，(3)加权平均法，(4)覆盖定理法。通过对比分析，突出了四种方法之间的联系和差异，有助于更好地了解它们的优势和局限性：(1)当个体pmsg的动态特征不同时，动态聚合法可能导致评估系统SSS的误差。(2)当系统的振荡模态与PMSG输出或控制参数之间存在线性关系时，平均功率法和加权平均法可以准确地评估系统的SSS。然而，当这种线性关系不成立时，这两种方法都可能给出错误的SSS评估。(3)加权平均法能准确地评估各pmsg风速不同时的SSS，而平均风速法存在误差。(4)覆盖定理方法在SSS评价中具有保守性。最后，通过两个基于pmsg的风电场拓扑结构与VSC-HVDC系统连接的仿真验证了这些方法。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental demonstration and validation of tubular solar cavity receivers for simultaneous generation of superheated steam and hot air 同时产生过热蒸汽和热空气的管状太阳能腔体接收器的实验演示和验证

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125042

Yasuki Kadohiro , Timo Roeder , Kai Risthaus , Dmitrij Laaber , Nathalie Monnerie , Christian Sattler

Cavity receivers with absorber tubes inside the solar tower systems are the most studied and suitable concept for supplying such hot steam and air due to its design flexibility and efficiency. However, a receiver concept of simultaneously generating high-temperature steam and air has not been experimentally studied on scales beyond laboratory scale. Therefore, our study focused on the experimental demonstration for such receiver concept and the validation of the developed numerical model. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed receiver concept (i.e. a cavity receiver with cylindrical and conical helical tubes) with 70 kW_th nominal power can simultaneously produce high-temperature steam (811 °C) and air (863 °C) with standard deviations of less than 3 °C (outlet temperature), 3 kPa (outlet pressure), and 0.2 kg/h (mass flow rate). Comparison of experiments and simulations proved to be in very good agreement, with errors of less than 10 %. The results presented here provide a basis for future scale-up and demonstrate the high potential of combining concentrating solar thermal technology with high-temperature electrolysis for the mass production of green hydrogen.

在太阳能塔系统内带吸收管的腔体接收器由于其设计的灵活性和效率是研究最多和最适合的概念，以提供这种热蒸汽和空气。然而，同时产生高温蒸汽和空气的接收器概念尚未在实验室规模以外的规模上进行实验研究。因此，我们的研究重点是对这种接收器概念进行实验验证和所开发的数值模型的验证。实验结果表明，所提出的接收器概念（即圆柱形和锥形螺旋管的腔式接收器）在70 kWth的标称功率下可以同时产生高温蒸汽（811℃）和空气（863℃），其标准偏差小于3℃（出口温度），3 kPa（出口压力），0.2 kg/h（质量流量）。实验与仿真结果的比较表明，两者吻合良好，误差小于10%。本文提出的结果为未来的规模扩大提供了基础，并展示了将聚光太阳能热技术与高温电解相结合以大规模生产绿色氢的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A tri-level model for optimal management of active distribution networks enabling two-layer local markets 主动配电网络优化管理的三层模型，实现两层本地市场

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125040

Rogelio S. León Japa, Marcos Tostado-Véliz, Blas Ogáyar, Francisco Jurado

The deregulation of distribution systems enable local energy trading under the umbrella of local market strategies, which are launched and cleared by local entities like distribution system operators. The emergence of active players connected to distribution networks such as microgrids path the way to two-layer market structures, within which different local markets must coexist and coordinate. This new paradigm advocates for developing new management and market models suitable for multi-level local markets. This paper focuses on this issue. In particular, a new management model for active distribution networks enabling two-layer local markets is developed, which casts as an original tri-level optimization approach. This paper applies the developed methodology to the case in which different microgrids connected to a distribution market launch local markets for energy trading within the microgrid, but it could be applied to similar frameworks such as energy communities or virtual power plants. The new approach stablishes a game-oriented market coordination which preserves the hierarchical feature of the coordinated market strategy. A case study on a 33-bus radial distribution network serves to validate the model and illustrates how active players such as distributed generators and flexible demands perform under local market rules. A number of scenarios are studied under different distributed generation and microgrid penetration, showing that incrementing the number of both leads to improve the economy of the distribution system operator and microgrids. Finally, a sensitivity analysis regarding the renewable generation potential is studied.

对分销系统的放松管制使当地能源交易能够在当地市场战略的保护下进行，这些战略由分销系统运营商等当地实体发起和清算。与配电网络（如微电网）相连的活跃参与者的出现，为两层市场结构铺平了道路，在这种结构中，不同的地方市场必须共存和协调。这种新模式提倡开发适合多层次地方市场的新管理和市场模式。本文对这一问题进行了研究。特别是，开发了一种新的能够实现两层本地市场的主动分销网络管理模型，它是一种原始的三层优化方法。本文将开发的方法应用于连接到配电市场的不同微电网在微电网内启动本地能源交易市场的情况，但它可以应用于类似的框架，如能源社区或虚拟发电厂。该方法建立了一种以博弈为导向的市场协调，保留了协调市场策略的层次性特征。对33总线径向配电网的案例研究有助于验证该模型，并说明分布式发电机等活跃参与者和灵活需求在当地市场规则下的表现。研究了不同分布式发电和微电网渗透率下的多个场景，结果表明，增加分布式发电和微电网渗透率的数量可以提高配电系统运营商和微电网的经济效益。最后，对可再生能源发电潜力进行了敏感性分析。

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