Updates on Auditory Outcomes of COVID-19 and Vaccine Side Effects: An Umbrella Review.

IF 2.2 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Pub Date : 2025-03-05 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00438

Zahra Jafari, Bryan E Kolb, Steven Aiken, Sarah Wilson

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Abstract

Purpose: This umbrella review synthesizes and discusses systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) on auditory outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination side effects. It is innovative in offering a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across adults and infants while summarizing vaccine-related auditory side effects.

Method: This literature search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, with no restrictions on population age or symptom severity. Four electronic databases were searched from their inception to October 2024. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 checklist and Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool were used to assess the quality of evidence and the risk of bias.

Results: The systematic search identified 534 articles, narrowed down to 14 SRs following a full-text review: Nine focused on auditory outcomes of COVID-19; two, on outcomes in infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy; and three, on the auditory side effects of vaccination. A random-effects model revealed significantly high pooled estimates of hearing loss (5.0%, 95% CI [1.0, 9.0], p < .012, three MAs, N = 21,932) and tinnitus (13.5%, 95% CI [5.9, 21.1], p ≤ .001, four MAs, N = 36,236) in adults. However, current evidence in nonhospitalized patients indicates that auditory symptoms often improve after recovery. Studies also show a low rate of hearing loss in infants whose mothers contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. Similarly, whereas COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to hearing loss and tinnitus, these effects are rare, and most patients experience improvement within weeks to months.

Conclusions: Evidence suggests a significantly high rate of hearing loss and tinnitus associated with COVID-19 in adults, although auditory symptoms remain rare in newborns and following vaccination. However, caution is warranted due to limitations and variability across the studies.

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COVID-19听觉结果和疫苗副作用的最新情况：综述。

目的：本综述综合并讨论了与COVID-19感染和疫苗副作用相关的听觉结局的系统综述（SRs）和荟萃分析（MAs）。它的创新之处在于，在总结疫苗相关的听觉副作用的同时，全面综合了成人和婴儿的证据。方法：本文献检索遵循系统评价和荟萃分析2020指南的首选报告项目，不限制人口年龄或症状严重程度。从建立到2024年10月，对四个电子数据库进行了检索。使用多重系统评价评估2检查表和系统评价的偏倚风险工具来评估证据质量和偏倚风险。结果：系统检索确定了534篇文章，在全文审查后缩小到14篇sr: 9篇关注COVID-19的听觉结果；二是关于怀孕期间受感染母亲所生婴儿的结局；第三，关于疫苗接种对听觉的副作用。随机效应模型显示，成年人的听力损失（5.0%,95% CI [1.0, 9.0], p < 0.012, 3个MAs， N = 21,932）和耳鸣（13.5%,95% CI [5.9, 21.1], p≤0.001,4个MAs， N = 36,236）的汇总估计显著较高。然而，目前非住院患者的证据表明，听力症状通常在康复后改善。研究还表明，母亲在怀孕期间感染COVID-19的婴儿听力失失率较低。同样，尽管COVID-19疫苗接种与听力损失和耳鸣有关，但这些影响很少见，大多数患者在几周到几个月内就会得到改善。结论：有证据表明，成人中与COVID-19相关的听力损失和耳鸣发生率非常高，尽管听力症状在新生儿和接种疫苗后仍然罕见。然而，由于研究的局限性和可变性，谨慎是必要的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY-REHABILITATION

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

19.20%

发文量

538

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Mission: JSLHR publishes peer-reviewed research and other scholarly articles on the normal and disordered processes in speech, language, hearing, and related areas such as cognition, oral-motor function, and swallowing. The journal is an international outlet for both basic research on communication processes and clinical research pertaining to screening, diagnosis, and management of communication disorders as well as the etiologies and characteristics of these disorders. JSLHR seeks to advance evidence-based practice by disseminating the results of new studies as well as providing a forum for critical reviews and meta-analyses of previously published work. Scope: The broad field of communication sciences and disorders, including speech production and perception; anatomy and physiology of speech and voice; genetics, biomechanics, and other basic sciences pertaining to human communication; mastication and swallowing; speech disorders; voice disorders; development of speech, language, or hearing in children; normal language processes; language disorders; disorders of hearing and balance; psychoacoustics; and anatomy and physiology of hearing.