Updates on Auditory Outcomes of COVID-19 and Vaccine Side Effects: An Umbrella Review.

IF 2.2 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI:10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00438

Zahra Jafari, Bryan E Kolb, Steven Aiken, Sarah Wilson

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Abstract

Purpose: This umbrella review synthesizes and discusses systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) on auditory outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination side effects. It is innovative in offering a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across adults and infants while summarizing vaccine-related auditory side effects.

Method: This literature search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, with no restrictions on population age or symptom severity. Four electronic databases were searched from their inception to October 2024. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 checklist and Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool were used to assess the quality of evidence and the risk of bias.

Results: The systematic search identified 534 articles, narrowed down to 14 SRs following a full-text review: Nine focused on auditory outcomes of COVID-19; two, on outcomes in infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy; and three, on the auditory side effects of vaccination. A random-effects model revealed significantly high pooled estimates of hearing loss (5.0%, 95% CI [1.0, 9.0], p < .012, three MAs, N = 21,932) and tinnitus (13.5%, 95% CI [5.9, 21.1], p ≤ .001, four MAs, N = 36,236) in adults. However, current evidence in nonhospitalized patients indicates that auditory symptoms often improve after recovery. Studies also show a low rate of hearing loss in infants whose mothers contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. Similarly, whereas COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to hearing loss and tinnitus, these effects are rare, and most patients experience improvement within weeks to months.

Conclusions: Evidence suggests a significantly high rate of hearing loss and tinnitus associated with COVID-19 in adults, although auditory symptoms remain rare in newborns and following vaccination. However, caution is warranted due to limitations and variability across the studies.

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来源期刊

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY-REHABILITATION

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

19.20%

发文量

538

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Mission: JSLHR publishes peer-reviewed research and other scholarly articles on the normal and disordered processes in speech, language, hearing, and related areas such as cognition, oral-motor function, and swallowing. The journal is an international outlet for both basic research on communication processes and clinical research pertaining to screening, diagnosis, and management of communication disorders as well as the etiologies and characteristics of these disorders. JSLHR seeks to advance evidence-based practice by disseminating the results of new studies as well as providing a forum for critical reviews and meta-analyses of previously published work. Scope: The broad field of communication sciences and disorders, including speech production and perception; anatomy and physiology of speech and voice; genetics, biomechanics, and other basic sciences pertaining to human communication; mastication and swallowing; speech disorders; voice disorders; development of speech, language, or hearing in children; normal language processes; language disorders; disorders of hearing and balance; psychoacoustics; and anatomy and physiology of hearing.