When and How Autonomy Benefits the Impact of Prosocial Behaviour on Well-Being

Abstract

Prosocial behaviour consistently correlates positively with individual well-being. However, the specific role of autonomy, a basic psychological need in self-determination theory, remains debated. To address this debate and fill theoretical and methodological gaps, this study takes a cross-cultural approach and examines the moderating and mediating effects of autonomy on the relationship between prosocial behaviour and well-being. The study utilises data from the extensive World Values Survey (N = 76,897 from 51 countries or territories). Results indicate a positive correlation between prosocial behaviour and well-being, with autonomy moderating this relationship. Notably, individuals with lower autonomy experience greater well-being benefits than those with higher autonomy. Additionally, autonomy partially mediates the positive relationship between prosocial behaviour and well-being. Upon simultaneous exploration of the dual roles of autonomy, both its mediating and interactive functions in the relationship between prosocial behaviour and well-being were identified. These findings shed light on the intricate dynamics of autonomy in the relationship between prosocial behaviour and well-being. The study concludes by discussing interpretations, implications, and avenues for future research.