International Journal of Psychology最新文献

Bayesian statistics has gained substantial popularity in the social sciences, particularly in psychology. Despite its growing prominence in the psychological literature, many researchers remain unacquainted with Bayesian methods and their advantages. This tutorial addresses the needs of curious applied psychology researchers and introduces Bayesian analysis as an accessible and powerful tool. We begin by comparing Bayesian and frequentist approaches, redefining fundamental terms from both perspectives with practical illustrations. Our exploration of Bayesian statistics includes Bayes's Theorem, likelihood, prior and posterior distributions, various prior types, and Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, supplemented by graphical aids for clarity. To bridge theory and practice, we employ a psychological research example with real, open data. We analyse the data using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches, providing R code and comprehensive supporting information, and emphasising best practices for interpretation and reporting. We discuss and demonstrate how to interpret parameter estimates and credible intervals, among other essential topics. Throughout, we maintain an accessible and user-friendly language, focusing on practical implications, intuitive examples, and actionable recommendations.

Multiple instances of rebranding of corporations or sports teams, or changes of personal names suggest that imposed change of symbols that people identify with leads to resistance towards the symbol change. In this paper, we examine the predictive role of sacred values, identity fusion, identification and essentialism in explaining such resistance, in a unique political context of a national referendum to change Macedonia to North Macedonia. Participants (ethnic Macedonians, N = 301) took a survey measuring these variables, along with their voting intentions and behaviour, 1 week prior to a national referendum on the name change, and again several weeks later. The results indicated that while all variables predicted negative attitudes towards the name change, only considering the name a sacred value and, to a lesser extent, being identified with the country, uniquely predicted this outcome, and only sacred values uniquely predicted voting behaviour. A large proportion of the participants were fully fused with the name “Macedonia,” which may have limited its predictive value. A cross-lagged analysis suggested a potential causal path from national identification to viewing the name as sacred, essentializing it and becoming fused with it. This study is the first to examine the psychological mechanisms that drive resistance to symbol change.

Sense of community coherence refers to how much a person perceives their communal life as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. The study's purpose was to validate the Sense of Community Coherence Scale using two distinct groups of university students from Germany and Turkey. The scale was adapted to German and Turkish using the translation-back translation method and examined in terms of several indicators of reliability and validity, including cross-cultural measurement invariance with the data collected from 489 individuals from Germany and 533 individuals from Turkey. The findings exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties; specifically, high reliability, good construct and criterion validity, and partial measurement invariance across cultures were observed. As a result, Sense of Community Coherence Scale was concluded to be reliable and partially valid in the samples of Turkish and German university students. Validation of the German and Turkish forms of the scale is expected to contribute to mental health research and practice for allowing the measurement of how individuals feel about their community in the context of manageability, meaningfulness and comprehensibility. This study can help researchers and practitioners design enhancement, prevention and intervention programmes aiming to increase the community sense of coherence.

At the beginning of 2020, the entire world was shocked by a global health emergency. According to the literature, fear, high mortality and health restrictions had significant psychological consequences on the population. This study evaluates the French lockdown's impact on the grieving process and how people worked through their grief. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 participants who had lost a loved one between March 2020, June, and September 2021 (T0) and 6 months later (T1). Subsequently, they were divided into two groups: those who lost someone during the first lockdown (Group 1) and those who lost someone outside the lockdown periods (Group 2). The interviews were analysed using the ALCESTE software, a statistical analysis tool for textual data based on word co-occurrences. This research significantly advances the understanding of bereavement during crises, providing new perspectives and practical insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals and support organisations. Its methodological innovation and detailed analysis contribute to the ongoing discussion on grief and resilience in challenging circumstances. Ultimately, this study lays the foundation for improved support and intervention strategies tailored to the needs of bereaved individuals during crises.

This tutorial delves into dimensionality assessment within the context of psychological measurement instruments, particularly focusing on bifactor models. It underscores the imperative to move beyond traditional fit indices when evaluating factor structures while highlighting the significance of ancillary bifactor indices such as explained common variance, OmegaH and percentage of uncontaminated correlations in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between general and specific group factors. The tutorial offers a step-by-step guide to leveraging the power of R software for confirmatory factor analysis and the acquisition of ancillary bifactor indices. Through practical case studies, it elucidates the potential pitfalls of exclusively relying on fit indices and advocates for a balanced, multifaceted approach to dimensionality assessment. By integrating fit measures and ancillary indices, researchers can draw more informed and nuanced conclusions about measurement instrument dimensionality, ultimately enhancing the precision of psychological assessment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Virtual Motivational Interviewing (VIMINT) for improving physical activity among community-dwelling older adults. A feasibility study using a mixed-method single-group pre- and post-design. Each participant received five sessions of motivational interviewing (MI) through the Zoom platform. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed through recruitment, attrition and retention rates; adherence; satisfaction; counsellors' competency; and interviews with participants and counsellors. Other outcomes including physical activity were assessed at baseline, post- and 2-month follow-up. Eight participants were recruited; the mean age was 68.9 ± 3.9 years. The retention rate was 88%, 92.5% of the sessions were attended, and the participants' satisfaction score was 24.14 ± 7.3/32. The counsellors were rated as “good” and “fair” in relational and technical components, respectively. The categories derived from qualitative analysis were session composition, acceptability of outcome measures, positive impact of the VIMINT study and suggestions to improve future studies. The findings showed that VIMINT intervention should be feasible and acceptable for older adults. Evidence from this study provides relevant information that will guide the planning of future studies investigating the effectiveness of virtual MI on physical activity among community-dwelling older adults.

This tutorial introduces the graded response model (GRM), a tool for testing measurement precision within the item response theory (IRT) paradigm, which is useful for informing researchers about the item and person properties of their measurement. The tutorial aims to guide applied researchers through a unidimensional GRM analysis in the R environment, using the psych, mirt and ggmirt packages. GRM is specifically designed to examine the psychometric properties of psychological scales with polytomous (Likert-style) items. The tutorial illustrates the procedure using data from the Open Psychometrics Database on the right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale, outlining the theoretical underpinnings of GRM and steps for data preparation, testing model assumptions, model fitting, plotting item parameters and interpretation of results.

Moral self-efficacy refers to individuals' beliefs in their capability to effectively mobilise motivation, cognitive resources and strategic actions to achieve moral performance particularly in challenging situations. We adopt the conceptualization of moral self-efficacy that encompasses both self-reflective and behavioural components. The self-reflective dimension pertains to one's perceived capability to reflect on past moral lapses, while the behavioural dimension involves one's perceived capability to regulate future moral conduct. The study aims to explore moral self-efficacy as a “dynamic” process unfolding over time, focusing on the reciprocal influence between its self-reflective and behavioural dimensions in hindering the development of moral disengagement. Utilising a three-wave design with a sample of 1308 employees (50% females) at Time 1 results of a structural equation model support the hypothesized interplay between self-reflective and behavioural moral self-efficacy over time. In addition, our findings partly support our hypothesized relationships between moral self-efficacy dimensions and moral disengagement: self-reflective moral self-efficacy directly and negatively influenced the development of moral disengagement over time, while behavioural moral self-efficacy negative influenced it only indirectly through self-reflective moral self-efficacy.

We uncovered latent profiles of intergenerational and digital solidarity between middle-aged parents and their oldest young adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we investigated whether solidarity latent profiles were related to middle-aged parents' psychological well-being. We used data from the 2022 survey of the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), which involved 234 middle-aged parents providing information about their oldest young adult children. Using latent profile analysis, we uncovered five solidarity profiles (Tight-knit traditional, distant-but-digitally connected, obligatory, sociable, and conflictual) in relationships between middle-aged parents and their oldest young adult children during the pandemic. Furthermore, we found that middle-aged parents belonging to the distant-but-digitally connected and tight-knit traditional profiles had enhanced psychological well-being than those in the conflictual profile during the pandemic. These findings indicate that middle-aged parents' use of digital communication with young adult children benefited their psychological well-being during the pandemic. Moreover, using digital communication may be related to strong solidarity between middle-aged parents and young adult children when they live independently.

The present study examined the longitudinal relations among work self-efficacy beliefs, job performance and career success, defined as objective career advancements. We argued that job performance would mediate both the influence of worker's self-efficacy beliefs on career success and the influence of career success on subsequent self-efficacy beliefs. The participants were 976 employees of one of the largest companies in Italy, assessed at three time points (i.e., Waves 1, 2 and 3), spaced apart by 3 years. Job performance significantly mediated the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and subsequent career success as well as the reverse influence of career success on subsequent self-efficacy beliefs. The posited conceptual model explained a significant portion of the variance in all endogenous variables and has implications for interventions intended to promote the development of individuals within organisations.