Physical-Chemical and Nutritional Assessment of Elionurus muticus (Spreng.): An Underutilized Medicinal and Aromatic Plant from South America.

Abstract

Elionurus muticus (Spreng) Kuntze, commonly known as "espartillo", is a South American plant with a rich history of traditional use as an aromatic and medicinal infusion. The essential oil (EO) composition of E. muticus has garnered significant attention in recent decades due to its citrus aroma and antimicrobial properties. However, comprehensive investigations into its nutritional profile, bioactivity, and moisture behavior have been scarce. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize espartillo leaves, uncovering valuable insights for potential agro-industrial applications. Our findings revealed a rich nutritional profile. Espartillo leaves demonstrated a high dietary fiber content (29.5%), alongside moderate levels of carbohydrates (6.2%), and a low-calorie profile (49 kcal/100 g). The essential oil yield was 0.97%, predominantly composed of neral (35.3%) and geranial (43.8%). Furthermore, the leaves extracts exhibited significant levels of total phenolic compounds (42.9-65.0 mgAGE/g), and flavonoids (11.8-13.1 mgQE/g), demonstrating potent antioxidant activity comparable to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The equilibrium moisture content of espartillo leaves was accurately described by the Oswin equation at lower temperatures (25 and 30 °C) and the Henderson model at higher temperatures (40 and 50 °C). These findings position espartillo as a promising natural source of aromatics, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Further research exploring the incorporation of espartillo leaf extracts into functional foods and nutraceuticals is warranted.