Development and Validation of Facial Line Distress Scale-Glabellar Lines (FINE-GL).

Abstract

Purpose: We developed and validated facial line distress scale-glabellar lines (FINE-GL) to evaluate the severity and psychosocial distress associated with GL.

Patients and methods: In Phase I, a preliminary item pool for the FINE-GL was developed through a literature review and expert consultation. This was followed by cognitive interviews to ensure comprehensibility of the items. In Phase II, we conducted a cross-sectional survey at a tertiary hospital and two local clinics in Korea. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the underlying factor structure of the FINE-GL, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also examined.

Results: We yielded 20 items in four domains. The model fit was good. Coefficient alphas ranged from 0.92 to 0.95 for sub-domains and 0.97 for the total. The FINE-GL was moderately correlated with the appearance appraisal score and body image. In the test-retest, the range of ICC was 0.77-0.90.

Conclusion: FINE-GL is a reliable, valid, and comprehensive patient-reported outcome measure for assessing GL severity and distress. This will be helpful to determine a patient's eligibility for inclusion of study and to measure primary or secondary effectiveness endpoints for glabellar line treatment.