The low-carbon transition of rotary engines: Potential and challenges of alcohol fuels

Abstract

The transition to low-carbon fuels is essential for achieving carbon neutrality in internal combustion engines. Rotary engines, with their unique structural advantages such as lightweight design and high power density, offer significant potential for reducing carbon emissions and improving combustion efficiency. This review examines the application of alcohol fuels (methanol, ethanol, and butanol) in rotary engines, focusing on their combustion characteristics, emission performance, and compatibility with existing engine technologies. Alcohol fuels, particularly methanol and ethanol, have demonstrated enhanced thermal efficiency and reduced emissions of HC and CO due to their high oxygen content and favorable combustion properties. However, challenges remain, including higher NOx emissions and the need for engine modifications to accommodate alcohol fuels. This paper synthesizes recent advancements in alcohol-fueled rotary engines, highlighting key technical approaches and future research directions. The findings suggest that optimizing fuel blends, ignition strategies, and engine parameters can significantly improve the performance and sustainability of rotary engines, positioning them as a viable option for future low-carbon transportation systems.