Impact of post-pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae and its management in a tertiary care facility in South India

Abstract

Background

Post-pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) sequelae are chest alterations caused by pulmonary tuberculosis problems, even after treatment and infection elimination. These alterations can cause pulmonary dysfunction, ranging from mild irregularities to acute dyspnea, increasing the risk of respiratory-related deaths. Current research aims to investigate the type, severity, clinical management, and impact on quality of life in affected individuals.

Materials and methods

A prospective observational study with 66 patients was carried out in a South Indian tertiary care facility. We gathered sociodemographic and clinical data from the patients. Imaging investigations (chest X-ray, CT scans) and pulmonary function test reports (Spirometry) were used to assess the post-pulmonary TB sequelae. The patient's quality of life was evaluated using the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire.

Results

Out of 66 patients, 66.7% were men, and the average age was 57.2 years. According to radiological analysis, most patients had airway difficulties (38%), followed by parenchymal problems (36.3%). Obstruction was the most typical abnormality identified (81.9%). Bronchodilators, LABA + ICS, SABA, leukotriene antagonists, antibiotics, and other fixed medications treat post-PTB sequelae. Substantial impairment was observed in quality of life.

Conclusion

Patients who have had pulmonary TB are prone to post-TB respiratory symptoms and sequelae. The quality of life noticeably declined. This study's findings underscore the importance of robust, evidence-based guidelines and practical implementation techniques for managing post-pulmonary TB.