Do pandemics influence food choice motives, diet, and health behaviors? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

IF 1.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS BMC Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.1186/s40795-024-00959-2

Rida Khan, Afifa Tanweer, Sanaullah Iqbal

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Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has significantly impacted the health and well-being of individuals by influencing their diet and lifestyle. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the dietary and health practices pre- and post-COVID-19 infection and to study the association of changes in dietary and health practices with the change in food choice motives.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted, and retrospective data was gathered from 259 recovered cases of COVID-19 aged 18-50 years in Pakistan. The survey questionnaire included socio-demographic information, adherence to Pakistan dietary guidelines, Breslow's health practices, and food choice motives. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the normality of data. McNemar's test and Wilcoxon sign ranked test were used to determine the change in the dietary practices, health practices, and food choice motives scores pre- and post-COVID-19 infection. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression were used to study the relation between the changes in dietary practices, health practices, and food choice motives.

Results: Dietary practices improved (mean ± SD: 0.17 ± 1.56), and health practices deteriorated (mean ± SD: -0.18 ± 1.36) after COVID-19 infection. The importance of convenience, health, mood, natural content, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concerns while choosing food increased after suffering from COVID-19. Improvement in dietary practices was correlated with health practices (r = 0.32), convenience (r = 0.15), health concern (r = 0.16), mood (r = 0.18), and natural content of food (r = 0.15). Changes in dietary practices were found to be negatively associated (p = 0.043, B=-0.145) with the price of food.

Conclusion: We conclude that the food choice motives of the Pakistani population changed during COVID-19. This change in food choice motives was found to be related to dietary and health practices.

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背景：COVID-19 通过影响人们的饮食和生活方式对其健康和福祉产生了重大影响。因此，本研究旨在比较感染 COVID-19 前后的饮食和健康习惯，并研究饮食和健康习惯的变化与食物选择动机变化的关联：方法：进行了一项在线横断面调查，并从巴基斯坦 259 名 18-50 岁的 COVID-19 康复病例中收集了回顾性数据。调查问卷包括社会人口学信息、巴基斯坦膳食指南遵守情况、布瑞斯罗健康实践和食物选择动机。采用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验分析数据的正态性。McNemar 检验和 Wilcoxon 符号排序检验用于确定感染 COVID-19 前后饮食习惯、健康习惯和食物选择动机得分的变化。斯皮尔曼相关和多元线性回归用于研究饮食习惯、健康习惯和食物选择动机变化之间的关系：结果：感染 COVID-19 后，饮食习惯有所改善（平均值±标准差：0.17±1.56），而健康习惯则有所恶化（平均值±标准差：-0.18±1.36）。感染 COVID-19 后，人们在选择食物时对方便、健康、情绪、天然成分、体重控制、熟悉程度和道德问题的重视程度有所提高。饮食习惯的改善与健康习惯（r = 0.32）、方便性（r = 0.15）、健康关注（r = 0.16）、情绪（r = 0.18）和食物的天然成分（r = 0.15）相关。饮食习惯的改变与食品价格呈负相关（p = 0.043，B=-0.145）：我们得出结论，巴基斯坦人的饮食选择动机在 COVID-19 期间发生了变化。结论：我们得出的结论是，在 COVID-19 期间，巴基斯坦人口的食品选择动机发生了变化。

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