Vascular actions of Ang 1–7 and Ang 1–8 through EDRFs and EDHFs in non-diabetes and diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in regulating vascular homeostasis, while angiotensin 1-8 (Ang 1–8) traditionally dominates as a vasoconstrictor factor. However, the discovery of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1–7) and Ang 1–8 has revealed counter-regulatory mechanisms mediated through endothelial-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). This review delves into the vascular actions of Ang 1–7 and Ang 1–8 in both non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions, highlighting their effects on vascular endothelial cell (VECs) function as well. In a non-DM vasculature context, Ang 1–8 demonstrate dual effect including vasoconstriction and vasodilation, respectively. Additionally, Ang 1–7 induces vasodilation upon nitric oxide (NO) production as a prominent EDRFs in distinct mechanisms. Further research elucidating the precise mechanisms underlying the vascular actions of Ang 1–7 and Ang 1–8 in DM will facilitate the development of tailored therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving vascular health and preventing cardiovascular complications.