Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) shows greater sensitivity to salt stress than to hypoxia stress: insights from plant physiology, metabolome and soil microbiome

IF 4.1 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Plant and Soil Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1007/s11104-025-07322-9

Jiawei Ma, Wenbin Liu, Mei Wang, Zhengqian Ye, Dan Liu

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Abstract

Purpose

Long-term intensive management may impair nutrient uptake and physiological metabolism in Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) by altering soil oxygen levels or increasing salinity, ultimately inhibiting growth. However, the sensitivity and response mechanisms of bamboo to these two factors remain poorly understood.

Methods

A 100-day pot experiment with 8 treatment combinations was conducted, involving two soil oxygen levels (5% and 21%) and four salt concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%). The growth traits, root cell morphology, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and leaf metabolites of Lei bamboo were evaluated, along with soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial community composition, to investigate soil–plant interactions.

Results

Under salt stress, Lei bamboo experienced protoplast shrinkage, root cell collapse, and a decrease in fine root numbers, hindering bamboo growth. Leaves showed curling, chlorosis, and wilting symptoms under saline conditions. Additionally, while hypoxia significantly inhibited nutrient uptake, it did not exacerbate the effects of salt stress. Antioxidant defenses, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, were activated by salt stress but diminished under hypoxia. Moreover, salt stress decreased soil pH, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels, while increasing potassium content and electrical conductivity. It altered microbial communities by reducing bacterial diversity and enzyme activities and recruiting salt-tolerant taxa like Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota.

Conclusions

Lei bamboo is more sensitive to salt stress than hypoxia, with salinity identified as a critical factor driving bamboo forest decline. The negative effects of salt stress on bamboo growth, physiological traits, and soil health highlight the need for effective salinity management in bamboo forests.

Graphical Abstract

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雷竹（Phyllostachys praecox）对盐胁迫的敏感性大于对缺氧胁迫的敏感性：植物生理学、代谢组学和土壤微生物组学的研究

目的长期集约化管理可能通过改变土壤含氧水平或增加土壤含盐量，影响雷竹的养分吸收和生理代谢，最终抑制雷竹的生长。然而，竹子对这两个因素的敏感性和反应机制尚不清楚。方法采用8个处理组合进行盆栽试验，共100 d，土壤含氧量为5%和21%，含盐量为0%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%。研究了雷竹的生长性状、根系细胞形态、养分吸收、胁迫耐受性、叶片代谢产物以及土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌群落组成，探讨了土壤与植物的相互作用。结果盐胁迫下，雷竹原生质体收缩、根细胞塌陷、细根数量减少，阻碍了竹材的生长。叶片在盐水条件下表现出卷曲、黄化和枯萎的症状。此外，虽然缺氧显著抑制了营养物质的吸收，但它并没有加剧盐胁迫的影响。抗氧化防御，包括超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶，在盐胁迫下被激活，但在缺氧下被削弱。此外，盐胁迫降低了土壤pH、氮和磷水平，同时增加了钾含量和电导率。它通过减少细菌的多样性和酶的活性来改变微生物群落，并招募耐盐的分类群，如变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门。结论竹林对盐胁迫比缺氧更敏感，盐度是导致竹林衰退的关键因素。盐胁迫对竹林生长、生理性状和土壤健康的负面影响表明，竹林需要进行有效的盐胁迫管理。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Plant and Soil 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

8.20%

发文量

543

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Plant and Soil publishes original papers and review articles exploring the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and that enhance our mechanistic understanding of plant-soil interactions. We focus on the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and seek those manuscripts with a strong mechanistic component which develop and test hypotheses aimed at understanding underlying mechanisms of plant-soil interactions. Manuscripts can include both fundamental and applied aspects of mineral nutrition, plant water relations, symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, root anatomy and morphology, soil biology, ecology, agrochemistry and agrophysics, as long as they are hypothesis-driven and enhance our mechanistic understanding. Articles including a major molecular or modelling component also fall within the scope of the journal. All contributions appear in the English language, with consistent spelling, using either American or British English.