EL Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exert significant effects on ecosystem carbon (C) cycle. However, how forest Rs in the East Asian monsoon region can respond to ENSO events remains unclear.
Methods
Based on multi-source databases, we conducted a synthesis to analyze the differential responses of forest Rs in different climatic zones of East Asia to ENSO events. The response differences between Rs components and the time lag effects were then further investigated.
Results
We found that Rs in tropical-subtropical zones (TSZ) was positively correlated with ENSO, while in warm temperate zones (WTZ) it was negatively correlated, and there was no significant relationship in cold-middle temperate zones (CMTZ). Heterotrophic respiration and soil moisture also had significant linear correlation with ENSO. In TSZ, Rs lagged behind ENSO events by 9 months, while in WTZ, it led ENSO events by 4 months, and in CMTZ, Rs lagged behind ENSO events by 5 months.
Conclusion
The response of Rs to ENSO events was strongest in WTZ while weakest in CMTZ. Meanwhile, the response patterns in TSZ and WTZ were opposite. These abovementioned different responses were controlled by the precipitation anomaly arising from the variation of summer monsoon. Heterotrophic respiration was more sensitive to ENSO events than autotrophic respiration. The times lags of response of Rs to ENSO events in different climate zones were different. Our results have important implications for better understanding forest soil C emission processes under ENSO events and developing corresponding ecosystem C accumulation strategies.
{"title":"Responses of forest soil respiration in the East Asian monsoon region to ENSO events","authors":"Bunai Shen, Haocai Wang, Qiulan He, Xinhua He, Xingliang Liao, Dongrui Di, Qiuwen Chen, Weiyu Shi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07080-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07080-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>EL Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events exert significant effects on ecosystem carbon (C) cycle. However, how forest Rs in the East Asian monsoon region can respond to ENSO events remains unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Based on multi-source databases, we conducted a synthesis to analyze the differential responses of forest Rs in different climatic zones of East Asia to ENSO events. The response differences between Rs components and the time lag effects were then further investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that Rs in tropical-subtropical zones (TSZ) was positively correlated with ENSO, while in warm temperate zones (WTZ) it was negatively correlated, and there was no significant relationship in cold-middle temperate zones (CMTZ). Heterotrophic respiration and soil moisture also had significant linear correlation with ENSO. In TSZ, Rs lagged behind ENSO events by 9 months, while in WTZ, it led ENSO events by 4 months, and in CMTZ, Rs lagged behind ENSO events by 5 months.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The response of Rs to ENSO events was strongest in WTZ while weakest in CMTZ. Meanwhile, the response patterns in TSZ and WTZ were opposite. These abovementioned different responses were controlled by the precipitation anomaly arising from the variation of summer monsoon. Heterotrophic respiration was more sensitive to ENSO events than autotrophic respiration. The times lags of response of Rs to ENSO events in different climate zones were different. Our results have important implications for better understanding forest soil C emission processes under ENSO events and developing corresponding ecosystem C accumulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selenium (Se) deficiency in soil and human diets may worsen with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2). However, current research focused on essential nutrient elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the effects of eCO2 on Se accumulation in staple crops are understudied. Here, the Se-hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanensis was selected to investigate the impacts on Se accumulation, and associated rhizobacterial communities under eCO2 (800 ppm).
Methods
Simulated CO2-elevated greenhouse experiments were conducted, and Se concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Bacterial communities in bulk, rhizosphere and rhizoplane soils were analyzed via high-throughput 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing.
Results
The eCO2 increased Se levels by three- to four-fold in C. hupingshanensis cultivated in natural soils. Rhizobacterial communities exhibited notable shifts under eCO2 with increased relative abundances of Bacillaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Xanthomonadaceae, but decreased Sphingomonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae and Micrococcaceae. Genera such as Nannocystis, Steroidobacter, Dactylosporangium and Brevundimonas, demonstrated significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with total Se, bioavailable Se and pH in soils. The abundances of the bacteria involved in Se metabolism exhibited significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) with total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon metabolism. Structural Equation Modelling analysis indicated that eCO2 significantly increased soil bioavailable Se and C. hupingshanensis Se levels.
Conclusion
The eCO2 promoted Se accumulation in C. hupingshanensis roots by regulating soil pH, TIC and bioavailable Se levels, while reshaping rhizobacterial communities. This study contributes to understanding associated mechanisms of Se accumulation under eCO2, particularly in plant-rhizobacterial interactions.
{"title":"Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on Se accumulation and associated rhizobacterial community in Cardamine hupingshanensis","authors":"Huawei Zang, Wenyao Shi, Minyi Kau, Jiayuan Li, Jinxing Li, Wanying Zhang, Zeming Zhou, Bowen Sun, Linxi Yuan, Renbin Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07072-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07072-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Selenium (Se) deficiency in soil and human diets may worsen with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>). However, current research focused on essential nutrient elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> on Se accumulation in staple crops are understudied. Here, the Se-hyperaccumulator <i>Cardamine hupingshanensis</i> was selected to investigate the impacts on Se accumulation, and associated rhizobacterial communities under eCO<sub>2</sub> (800 ppm).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Simulated CO<sub>2</sub>-elevated greenhouse experiments were conducted, and Se concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Bacterial communities in bulk, rhizosphere and rhizoplane soils were analyzed via high-throughput 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The eCO<sub>2</sub> increased Se levels by three- to four-fold in <i>C. hupingshanensis</i> cultivated in natural soils. Rhizobacterial communities exhibited notable shifts under eCO<sub>2</sub> with increased relative abundances of Bacillaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Xanthomonadaceae, but decreased Sphingomonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae and Micrococcaceae. Genera such as <i>Nannocystis</i>, <i>Steroidobacter</i>, <i>Dactylosporangium</i> and <i>Brevundimonas</i>, demonstrated significant positive correlation (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with total Se, bioavailable Se and pH in soils. The abundances of the bacteria involved in Se metabolism exhibited significant positive correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon metabolism. Structural Equation Modelling analysis indicated that eCO<sub>2</sub> significantly increased soil bioavailable Se and <i>C. hupingshanensis</i> Se levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The eCO<sub>2</sub> promoted Se accumulation in <i>C. hupingshanensis</i> roots by regulating soil pH, TIC and bioavailable Se levels, while reshaping rhizobacterial communities. This study contributes to understanding associated mechanisms of Se accumulation under eCO<sub>2</sub>, particularly in plant-rhizobacterial interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07062-2
Louis Delval, Jan Vanderborght, Mathieu Javaux
Background and aims
In grapevines and other deep-rooting plants, heterogeneous drying from the surface to deeper soil layers drives water extraction by roots. Modelling and measurements have shown that dry soils, especially with sandy texture, create abrupt water potential gradient in the rhizosphere. At the scale of the thin contact between the soil and roots, the hydraulic continuity could be lost at the soil-root interface in dry soil conditions. This study aimed to understand how the multiscale interactions between soil and roots affect grapevine root water uptake and water potential.
Methods
Using a physically-based model, implementing rhizosphere and root system hydraulic properties, and loss of soil-root hydraulic continuity in dry soil conditions, we quantified belowground hydraulic conductances and their impact on grapevine root water uptake and water potential in different soil types with vertical hydraulic properties heterogeneity.
Results
Soil-root hydraulic disconnection prevented the plant from feeling the dry shallowest soil horizons avoiding very negative trunk water potentials, and moved water uptake towards deeper wet soil horizons. The main belowground hydraulic bottleneck of soil-plant system during drought is soil-texture dependent, with the rhizosphere limiting root water uptake in the sandy subplot, and the root system in the loamy subplot.
Conclusion
By highlighting the key roles of rhizosphere hydraulics, root hydraulics and hydraulic disconnection on root water uptake and plant water status, in different edaphic conditions, this study enhanced our mechanistic understanding on soil-root water relations in soil water limited conditions.
{"title":"Combination of plant and soil water potential monitoring and modelling demonstrates soil-root hydraulic disconnection during drought","authors":"Louis Delval, Jan Vanderborght, Mathieu Javaux","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07062-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07062-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>In grapevines and other deep-rooting plants, heterogeneous drying from the surface to deeper soil layers drives water extraction by roots. Modelling and measurements have shown that dry soils, especially with sandy texture, create abrupt water potential gradient in the rhizosphere. At the scale of the thin contact between the soil and roots, the hydraulic continuity could be lost at the soil-root interface in dry soil conditions. This study aimed to understand how the multiscale interactions between soil and roots affect grapevine root water uptake and water potential.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using a physically-based model, implementing rhizosphere and root system hydraulic properties, and loss of soil-root hydraulic continuity in dry soil conditions, we quantified belowground hydraulic conductances and their impact on grapevine root water uptake and water potential in different soil types with vertical hydraulic properties heterogeneity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Soil-root hydraulic disconnection prevented the plant from feeling the dry shallowest soil horizons avoiding very negative trunk water potentials, and moved water uptake towards deeper wet soil horizons. The main belowground hydraulic bottleneck of soil-plant system during drought is soil-texture dependent, with the rhizosphere limiting root water uptake in the sandy subplot, and the root system in the loamy subplot.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>By highlighting the key roles of rhizosphere hydraulics, root hydraulics and hydraulic disconnection on root water uptake and plant water status, in different edaphic conditions, this study enhanced our mechanistic understanding on soil-root water relations in soil water limited conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accelerated grassland degradation due to global climate change and intensified human activities necessitates green and sustainable ecological restoration measures. Microbial and organic fertilizer composites have shown positive effects in agricultural soil improvement. However, the effects on soil nutrient cycling and plant growth of microbial inoculants alone or in combination with organic fertilizers on the multifunctionality of natural ecosystems remain unclear.
Methods
This study explores the effects of Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter salinestris, and Claroideoglomus lamellosum (added alone or in all possible combinations), applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers at different inoculation levels on the physicochemical properties of degraded soil, microbial factors, and Leymus chinensis plant biomass through pot experiments.
Results
Results indicate that combining organic fertilizers with B. subtilis, A. salinestris, and C. lamellosum enhances soil nutrient availability. Compared to single organic fertilizer treatments, all mixed inoculation schemes increased nutrient uptake. The combined inoculation of A. salinestris and C. lamellosum is most effective, resulting in a remarkable 465% increase in belowground biomass and significantly enhancing soil nutrient content, particularly with increases of 247% in NH + 4-N and 348% in NO- 3-N. Soil enrichment with external nutrients can influence the strength of their interactions with different factors.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates that co-inoculation of bacteria and fungi has a synergistic effect on increasing plant biomass and soil nutrient availability. This provides essential ecological theories and practical scientific evidence for using microorganisms to improve the ecological functions of degraded grasslands, maintain soil health, and ensure the sustainable development of grasslands.
{"title":"Combination of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi promotes Leymus chinensis growth and bioremediation of degraded grasslands in semi-arid regions","authors":"Siyu Ren, Yinghui Liu, Yuhan Liu, Haotian Yu, Mingwen Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07073-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07073-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Accelerated grassland degradation due to global climate change and intensified human activities necessitates green and sustainable ecological restoration measures. Microbial and organic fertilizer composites have shown positive effects in agricultural soil improvement. However, the effects on soil nutrient cycling and plant growth of microbial inoculants alone or in combination with organic fertilizers on the multifunctionality of natural ecosystems remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study explores the effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Azotobacter salinestris</i>, and <i>Claroideoglomus lamellosum</i> (added alone or in all possible combinations), applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers at different inoculation levels on the physicochemical properties of degraded soil, microbial factors, and <i>Leymus chinensis</i> plant biomass through pot experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results indicate that combining organic fertilizers with <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>A. salinestris</i>, and <i>C. lamellosum</i> enhances soil nutrient availability. Compared to single organic fertilizer treatments, all mixed inoculation schemes increased nutrient uptake. The combined inoculation of <i>A. salinestris</i> and <i>C. lamellosum</i> is most effective, resulting in a remarkable 465% increase in belowground biomass and significantly enhancing soil nutrient content, particularly with increases of 247% in NH + 4-N and 348% in NO- 3-N. Soil enrichment with external nutrients can influence the strength of their interactions with different factors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The study demonstrates that co-inoculation of bacteria and fungi has a synergistic effect on increasing plant biomass and soil nutrient availability. This provides essential ecological theories and practical scientific evidence for using microorganisms to improve the ecological functions of degraded grasslands, maintain soil health, and ensure the sustainable development of grasslands.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07083-x
Kevin A. MacColl, Hafiz Maherali
Aims and scope
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form soil hyphal networks that facilitate plant nutrient uptake. AM fungi can be less effective plant-mutualists in cultivated fields because agricultural stressors reduce their functional diversity and may favour a less mutualistic genotype. Previously, we showed restoration of retired cultivated fields stimulated AM fungal species diversity. Here, we tested if restoration also stimulated mutualistic functions of AM fungi.
Methods
Soil inoculum was collected from five farm sites in cultivated fields and adjacent prairies that had been restored 8–12 years previously. Plant-growth promoting functions of AM fungi were quantified under greenhouse conditions by comparing biomass and phosphorus content in Trifolium pratense and Andropogon gerardii plants whose access to AM fungal networks was severed or left intact.
Results
Plant biomass was higher in the intact vs. severed AM fungal network treatment but the mean effect did not differ between restored prairie and cultivated field inoculum. Nonetheless, soil inoculum source effect on biomass depended on site location for T. pratense, but not A. gerardii. Access to AM fungal networks from cultivated fields increased phosphorus in T. pratense, but reduced phosphorus in A. gerardii, compared to restored prairies. Soil inoculum source effects on phosphorus also depended on farm site location.
Conclusions
Ecological restoration did not universally increase mutualistic functions of AM fungi. However, the fact that plant responses to AM fungi were dependent on site location and host identity suggests that ecological restoration has complex effects on the mutualistic benefits that plants receive from AM fungi.
目的和范围草本菌根（AM）真菌形成土壤菌丝网络，促进植物对养分的吸收。在耕地中，AM 真菌的植物互利性可能会降低，因为农业胁迫因素会降低其功能多样性，并可能有利于互利性较低的基因型。此前，我们曾发现，恢复退耕的耕地会刺激 AM 真菌物种的多样性。方法从 5 个农场的耕地和邻近草原上收集土壤接种物，这些耕地和草原已在 8-12 年前进行了修复。在温室条件下，通过比较Trifolium pratense和Andropogon gerardii植物的生物量和磷含量，量化了AM真菌促进植物生长的功能，这些植物与AM真菌网络的联系被切断或保持完整。然而，土壤接种源对 T. pratense 的生物量的影响取决于种植地点，但对 A. gerardii 却没有影响。与恢复后的大草原相比，从耕地中获得的调幅真菌网络增加了 T. pratense 的磷含量，但减少了 A. gerardii 的磷含量。土壤接种源对磷的影响也取决于农场所在地。然而，植物对AM真菌的反应取决于地点和寄主身份，这表明生态恢复对植物从AM真菌中获得的互惠效益具有复杂的影响。
{"title":"The effect of ecological restoration on mutualistic services provided by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi depends on site location and host identity","authors":"Kevin A. MacColl, Hafiz Maherali","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07083-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07083-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims and scope</h3><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form soil hyphal networks that facilitate plant nutrient uptake. AM fungi can be less effective plant-mutualists in cultivated fields because agricultural stressors reduce their functional diversity and may favour a less mutualistic genotype. Previously, we showed restoration of retired cultivated fields stimulated AM fungal species diversity. Here, we tested if restoration also stimulated mutualistic functions of AM fungi.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Soil inoculum was collected from five farm sites in cultivated fields and adjacent prairies that had been restored 8–12 years previously. Plant-growth promoting functions of AM fungi were quantified under greenhouse conditions by comparing biomass and phosphorus content in <i>Trifolium pratense</i> and <i>Andropogon gerardii</i> plants whose access to AM fungal networks was severed or left intact.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Plant biomass was higher in the intact vs. severed AM fungal network treatment but the mean effect did not differ between restored prairie and cultivated field inoculum. Nonetheless, soil inoculum source effect on biomass depended on site location for <i>T. pratense</i>, but not <i>A. gerardii</i>. Access to AM fungal networks from cultivated fields increased phosphorus in <i>T. pratense</i>, but reduced phosphorus in <i>A. gerardii</i>, compared to restored prairies. Soil inoculum source effects on phosphorus also depended on farm site location.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Ecological restoration did not universally increase mutualistic functions of AM fungi. However, the fact that plant responses to AM fungi were dependent on site location and host identity suggests that ecological restoration has complex effects on the mutualistic benefits that plants receive from AM fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infections with soil-borne pathogens have considerable detrimental effects on asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) growth and production, notably caused by the Fusarium species F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, F. proliferatum, and F. redolens. To get insight into the systemic effects of fungal infection on plant physiology to identify candidate resistance traits, we investigated this interaction using a multi omics approach.
Methods
Asparagus plants were inoculated with one of the three Fusarium species. After 8 weeks, basal stem parts were harvested and subjected to metabolome and proteome analysis as well as detection of fungal DNA.
Results
Upon infection, the pathogen spreads systemically from the root to the shoot and, consequently, fungal DNA and mycotoxins were detected in the basal part of the plant stem. Metabolite data revealed that the main pathway affected by Fusarium infections was “Fatty acids”, specifically the superclasses “Glycerophospholipids”, “Glycerolipids” and “Sphingolipids” being lower abundant upon infection. Another main pathway identified in the analysis was “Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids” with compounds assigned to these classes being mainly enriched upon infection. Proteome data revealed an induction of pathogen-defense proteins upon infection in asparagus, while proteins involved in vesicle trafficking and lipid metabolism were lower abundant.
Conclusions
This indicates that not only lipid-based signaling processes are distorted by Fusarium, but also fundamental processes such as vesicle formation, membrane integrity and cell wall organization. In planta proteome analysis of F. oxysporum led to the identification of 1,488 fungal proteins, including proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes as well as putative virulence factors.
目的土传病原体感染对芦笋（Asparagus officinalis）的生长和产量有相当大的不利影响，主要是由镰刀菌 F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi、F. proliferatum 和 F. redolens 引起的。为了深入了解真菌感染对植物生理的系统性影响，以确定候选抗性性状，我们采用多omics方法研究了这种相互作用。8周后，收获茎基部，进行代谢组和蛋白质组分析，并检测真菌DNA。结果感染后，病原体从根部向嫩枝系统性扩散，因此在植物茎基部检测到真菌DNA和霉菌毒素。代谢物数据显示，镰刀菌感染影响的主要途径是 "脂肪酸"，特别是 "甘油磷脂"、"甘油脂类 "和 "鞘氨醇脂类 "等超类在感染后含量较低。分析中发现的另一个主要途径是 "莽草酸盐和苯丙酸盐"，这些类别的化合物在感染后主要富集。蛋白质组数据显示，芦笋感染后病原体防御蛋白被诱导，而参与囊泡运输和脂质代谢的蛋白质含量较低。通过对 F. oxysporum 的植物蛋白质组分析，鉴定了 1,488 种真菌蛋白质，其中包括参与代谢和细胞过程的蛋白质以及假定的毒力因子。
{"title":"Metabolomics and dual proteomics identify contrasting patterns of major pathways affected in asparagus shoot upon Fusarium infection","authors":"Katja Witzel, Roxana Djalali Farahani-Kofoet, Stefanie Döll, Viktoria Lindemann, Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Rita Zrenner","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07069-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07069-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Infections with soil-borne pathogens have considerable detrimental effects on asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i>) growth and production, notably caused by the Fusarium species <i>F. oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>asparagi</i>, <i>F. proliferatum,</i> and <i>F. redolens</i>. To get insight into the systemic effects of fungal infection on plant physiology to identify candidate resistance traits, we investigated this interaction using a multi omics approach.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Asparagus plants were inoculated with one of the three Fusarium species. After 8 weeks, basal stem parts were harvested and subjected to metabolome and proteome analysis as well as detection of fungal DNA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Upon infection, the pathogen spreads systemically from the root to the shoot and, consequently, fungal DNA and mycotoxins were detected in the basal part of the plant stem. Metabolite data revealed that the main pathway affected by Fusarium infections was “Fatty acids”, specifically the superclasses “Glycerophospholipids”, “Glycerolipids” and “Sphingolipids” being lower abundant upon infection. Another main pathway identified in the analysis was “Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids” with compounds assigned to these classes being mainly enriched upon infection. Proteome data revealed an induction of pathogen-defense proteins upon infection in asparagus, while proteins involved in vesicle trafficking and lipid metabolism were lower abundant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This indicates that not only lipid-based signaling processes are distorted by Fusarium, but also fundamental processes such as vesicle formation, membrane integrity and cell wall organization. <i>In planta</i> proteome analysis of <i>F. oxysporum</i> led to the identification of 1,488 fungal proteins, including proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes as well as putative virulence factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant invasion can alter litter decomposition, which is essential for nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore how plant invasion affects litter decomposition by altering soil properties, litter quality and their interactions.
Methods
We conducted a reciprocal decomposition experiment by decomposing the leaf litter of ten invasive species and ten native species for 180 days in invasive- or native-conditioned soils (conditioned for six months) in China.
Results
Our study revealed interactive effects of litter quality and soil conditioning on litter decomposition, since invasive litter (with lower leaf dry mass content) decomposed faster than did native litter only in invasive-conditioned soils, which was probably explained by a lower fungal richness in invasive-conditioned soils. Additionally, leaves of native, not invasive, species decomposed more slowly in invasive-conditioned soils than in native-conditioned soils.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that invasive plants can affect litter decomposition by altering litter quality and soil properties, and, thereby, decomposition-by-soil interactions. In particular, conditioning soils with invasive plants resulted in a lower fungal richness, which may explain the slower decomposition of native litter. As such, it is essential to consider the impacts of invasive species on litter inputs and recipient soil communities simultaneously to comprehensively elucidate the effects of invasion on litter decomposition.
{"title":"Plant invasion affects litter decomposition differently in native and invasive plant conditioned soils","authors":"Yifan He, Fengyan Fan, Yanli Zhang, Bingbing Jia, Evan Siemann, Xinmin Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07078-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07078-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plant invasion can alter litter decomposition, which is essential for nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore how plant invasion affects litter decomposition by altering soil properties, litter quality and their interactions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a reciprocal decomposition experiment by decomposing the leaf litter of ten invasive species and ten native species for 180 days in invasive- or native-conditioned soils (conditioned for six months) in China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our study revealed interactive effects of litter quality and soil conditioning on litter decomposition, since invasive litter (with lower leaf dry mass content) decomposed faster than did native litter only in invasive-conditioned soils, which was probably explained by a lower fungal richness in invasive-conditioned soils. Additionally, leaves of native, not invasive, species decomposed more slowly in invasive-conditioned soils than in native-conditioned soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that invasive plants can affect litter decomposition by altering litter quality and soil properties, and, thereby, decomposition-by-soil interactions. In particular, conditioning soils with invasive plants resulted in a lower fungal richness, which may explain the slower decomposition of native litter. As such, it is essential to consider the impacts of invasive species on litter inputs and recipient soil communities simultaneously to comprehensively elucidate the effects of invasion on litter decomposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07012-y
Fang Wang, Haonan Chen, Yamiao Gao, Wenhui Li, Lizhen Zhu, Liu Yang, Ray R. Weil, Xiongxiong Nan
Background and aims
Characterizing the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions to agricultural management practices is essential for understanding SOC stability in agroecosystems. To establish a rational soil management regime for wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) production, this study investigated the long-term effects of cover cropping with manure on the storage of SOC and its fractions in a wolfberry orchard in Ningxia, Northwest China.
Methods
A field experiment was conducted using wolfberry grown as a monocrop or cover cropped with forage radish under zero, moderate, and high rates of animal manure.
Results
After seven years of cover cropping, SOC concentrations in the topsoil (0–20 cm) were higher than those under monocropping, and the difference was most pronounced under moderate manure application. The annual SOC accumulation rates reached ~ 1.00 t ha–1a–1 under cover cropping with moderate and high manure application, and the SOC storage efficiency of exogenous organic carbon input was 33.0%. Cover cropping also increased the concentrations of unprotected coarse particulate organic carbon fraction, as well as physically protected particulate organic carbon, chemically protected clay-sized, and biochemically protected silt-sized fractions in the topsoil. Unprotected SOC was the predominant form of organic carbon accumulated. A positive linear association emerged between SOC stock and exogenous organic carbon input in the topsoil. Despite weak responses of SOC and its fractions in the subsoil (20–40 cm), their trends were basically consistent with those observed in the topsoil.
Conclusions
Organic carbon inputs from multiple sources boosted SOC storage in the wolfberry orchard. Cover cropping with moderate manure application effectively improved SOC concentrations in the coarse and intra-aggregate particulate fractions, showing great potential for enhancing SOC storage. Future studies should delve deeper into the response mechanisms of SOC fractions from a microbiological perspective to decipher the role of cover crops and manure in the accumulation and transformation of SOC fractions.
{"title":"Physicochemical fractionation reveals increased soil organic carbon storage in a wolfberry orchard under cover cropping","authors":"Fang Wang, Haonan Chen, Yamiao Gao, Wenhui Li, Lizhen Zhu, Liu Yang, Ray R. Weil, Xiongxiong Nan","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07012-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07012-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Characterizing the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions to agricultural management practices is essential for understanding SOC stability in agroecosystems. To establish a rational soil management regime for wolfberry (<i>Lycium barbarum</i> L.) production, this study investigated the long-term effects of cover cropping with manure on the storage of SOC and its fractions in a wolfberry orchard in Ningxia, Northwest China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A field experiment was conducted using wolfberry grown as a monocrop or cover cropped with forage radish under zero, moderate, and high rates of animal manure.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>After seven years of cover cropping, SOC concentrations in the topsoil (0–20 cm) were higher than those under monocropping, and the difference was most pronounced under moderate manure application. The annual SOC accumulation rates reached ~ 1.00 t ha<sup>–1</sup>a<sup>–1</sup> under cover cropping with moderate and high manure application, and the SOC storage efficiency of exogenous organic carbon input was 33.0%. Cover cropping also increased the concentrations of unprotected coarse particulate organic carbon fraction, as well as physically protected particulate organic carbon, chemically protected clay-sized, and biochemically protected silt-sized fractions in the topsoil. Unprotected SOC was the predominant form of organic carbon accumulated. A positive linear association emerged between SOC stock and exogenous organic carbon input in the topsoil. Despite weak responses of SOC and its fractions in the subsoil (20–40 cm), their trends were basically consistent with those observed in the topsoil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Organic carbon inputs from multiple sources boosted SOC storage in the wolfberry orchard. Cover cropping with moderate manure application effectively improved SOC concentrations in the coarse and intra-aggregate particulate fractions, showing great potential for enhancing SOC storage. Future studies should delve deeper into the response mechanisms of SOC fractions from a microbiological perspective to decipher the role of cover crops and manure in the accumulation and transformation of SOC fractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07066-y
Aswin Thirunavukkarasu, Mattias Hedenström, Tobias Sparrman, Mats B. Nilsson, Jürgen Schleucher, Mats Öquist
Aims
Plant inputs are the primary organic carbon source that transforms into soil organic matter (SOM) through microbial processing. One prevailing view is that lignin plays a major role in the accumulation of SOM. This study investigated lignin decomposition using wood from different genotypes of Populus tremula as the model substrate. The genotypes naturally varied in lignin content and composition, resulting in high and low lignin substrates.
Methods
The wood was inoculated with fresh soil and decomposition was interpreted through mass loss and CO2 produced during a 12-month lab incubation. Detailed information on the decomposition patterns of lignin was obtained by Two-dimensional Nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy on four occasions during the incubations.
Results
The lignin content per se did not affect the overall decomposition and ~ 60% of the mass was lost in both substrates. In addition, no differences in oxidative enzyme activity could be observed, and the rate of lignin decomposition was similar to that of the carbohydrates. The 2D NMR analysis showed the oxidized syringyl present in the initial samples was the most resistant to degradation among lignin subunits as it followed the order p-hydroxybenzoates > syringyl > guaiacyl > oxidized syringyl. Furthermore, the degradability of β–O–4 linkages in the lignin varied depending on the subunit (syringyl or guaiacyl) it is attached to.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that lignin contains fractions that are easily degradable and can break down alongside carbohydrates. Thus, the initial differences in lignin content per se do not necessarily affect magnitude of SOM accumulation.
目的植物投入是主要的有机碳源，通过微生物加工转化为土壤有机质（SOM）。一种普遍的观点认为，木质素在 SOM 的积累过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究以不同基因型的杨树木材为模型基质，研究了木质素的分解。方法将木材接种到新鲜土壤中，在为期 12 个月的实验室培养过程中，通过质量损失和产生的二氧化碳来解释分解情况。结果木质素含量本身并不影响整体分解，两种基质中约有 60% 的质量损失。此外，氧化酶的活性也没有差异，木质素的分解速度与碳水化合物的分解速度相似。二维核磁共振分析表明，初始样品中的氧化丁香基是木质素亚基中最耐降解的，其降解顺序依次为对羟基苯甲酸酯> 丁香基> 愈创木基> 氧化丁香基。此外，木质素中 β-O-4 连接的降解性也因其所连接的亚基（丁香酰基或愈创木酰基）而异。因此，木质素含量的初始差异本身并不一定会影响 SOM 的积累量。
{"title":"Unraveling the dynamics of lignin chemistry on decomposition to understand its contribution to soil organic matter accumulation","authors":"Aswin Thirunavukkarasu, Mattias Hedenström, Tobias Sparrman, Mats B. Nilsson, Jürgen Schleucher, Mats Öquist","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07066-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07066-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Plant inputs are the primary organic carbon source that transforms into soil organic matter (SOM) through microbial processing. One prevailing view is that lignin plays a major role in the accumulation of SOM. This study investigated lignin decomposition using wood from different genotypes of <i>Populus tremula</i> as the model substrate. The genotypes naturally varied in lignin content and composition, resulting in high and low lignin substrates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The wood was inoculated with fresh soil and decomposition was interpreted through mass loss and CO<sub>2</sub> produced during a 12-month lab incubation. Detailed information on the decomposition patterns of lignin was obtained by Two-dimensional Nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy on four occasions during the incubations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The lignin content per se did not affect the overall decomposition and ~ 60% of the mass was lost in both substrates. In addition, no differences in oxidative enzyme activity could be observed, and the rate of lignin decomposition was similar to that of the carbohydrates. The 2D NMR analysis showed the oxidized syringyl present in the initial samples was the most resistant to degradation among lignin subunits as it followed the order <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoates > syringyl > guaiacyl > oxidized syringyl. Furthermore, the degradability of β–O–4 linkages in the lignin varied depending on the subunit (syringyl or guaiacyl) it is attached to.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study demonstrates that lignin contains fractions that are easily degradable and can break down alongside carbohydrates. Thus, the initial differences in lignin content per se do not necessarily affect magnitude of SOM accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07089-5
Xingzhao Sun, Amine M’Barek Bouanane, Leonardo H. Teixeira, Judith Sitters, Harry Olde Venterink
Background and aims
Herbivore dung varies among species in terms of nutrients and microbial composition, but the effect of the microbial activity in the dung on plant growth and symbiotic association is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cow dung quantity and dung microbial activity on plant-microbe interactions (mycorrhiza, nodulation) and the growth of Trifolium pratense seedlings.
Methods
A mesocosm experiment was conducted with gradients of unsterilized or sterilized cow dung applied to pots with T. pratense seedlings. Biomass, relative growth rate (RGR), root phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity, nodulation, and root mycorrhizal colonization of the seedling were measured after 7 weeks.
Results
Growth of T. pratense increased with increasing dung supply, while sterilization marginally decreased growth by 15–20% (P = 0.068). Root nodulation increased with increasing dung supply but was significantly lower with sterilized dung. Both root PME activity and mycorrhizal colonization decreased with increasing dung supply but were unaffected by sterilization.
Conclusions
The decreased growth and nodulation due to dung sterilization aligned with our predictions but could not be attributed to reduced dung decomposition and nutrient availability. Instead, the reduced microbial activity from sterilization likely negatively impacted bacterial N2-fixing activity and, consequently, plant growth. This suggests that herbivore dung’s effect on plant growth and interactions is more complex than previously anticipated, influenced not only by nutrient supply and stoichiometry but also by microbial composition and activity.
{"title":"Microbial activity in herbivore dung affects nodulation and growth of Trifolium pratense","authors":"Xingzhao Sun, Amine M’Barek Bouanane, Leonardo H. Teixeira, Judith Sitters, Harry Olde Venterink","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07089-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07089-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Herbivore dung varies among species in terms of nutrients and microbial composition, but the effect of the microbial activity in the dung on plant growth and symbiotic association is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cow dung quantity and dung microbial activity on plant-microbe interactions (mycorrhiza, nodulation) and the growth of <i>Trifolium pratense</i> seedlings.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A mesocosm experiment was conducted with gradients of unsterilized or sterilized cow dung applied to pots with <i>T. pratense</i> seedlings. Biomass, relative growth rate (RGR), root phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity, nodulation, and root mycorrhizal colonization of the seedling were measured after 7 weeks.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Growth of <i>T. pratense</i> increased with increasing dung supply, while sterilization marginally decreased growth by 15–20% (<i>P</i> = 0.068). Root nodulation increased with increasing dung supply but was significantly lower with sterilized dung. Both root PME activity and mycorrhizal colonization decreased with increasing dung supply but were unaffected by sterilization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The decreased growth and nodulation due to dung sterilization aligned with our predictions but could not be attributed to reduced dung decomposition and nutrient availability. Instead, the reduced microbial activity from sterilization likely negatively impacted bacterial N<sub>2</sub>-fixing activity and, consequently, plant growth. This suggests that herbivore dung’s effect on plant growth and interactions is more complex than previously anticipated, influenced not only by nutrient supply and stoichiometry but also by microbial composition and activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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