Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through chemically active sulfur-doping of one-dimensional Bi4Te3 nanowires

Abstract

Non-metal doping engineering assumes a crucial role in photoelectric conversion reactions. By modifying the quantity and structure of active-sites, it exerts a significant influence on the activity of nanocatalysts. Here, we report fabricating 1D S-doped Bi₄Te₃ nanostructures, significantly enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen production. Experimental data and DFT calculations show S atoms are active sites. Compared to pristine Bi₄Te₃ nanowires, S-doped ones have better interfacial charge separation, lower electron-transfer resistance, along with induced atomic disorder and elongated Bi-Te bonds. These changes modify the electronic structure and charge redistribution, boosting interfacial electrochemical reactions. Under simulated sunlight, S-doped Bi₄Te₃ nanowires reach a hydrogen production rate of 320 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, around 200 times that of pristine ones. The S-doped Bi₄Te₃ nanowires enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production through the following mechanisms: enhancing charge separation, modulating the electronic structure, and optimizing interfacial electrochemical reactions. This research offers insights for doping-engineered upgradable photochemical systems, crucial for solar-energy efficiency.