Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113965
Yanming Wang , Junqin Zhang , Xiaofeng Sun , Zao Yi , Shifa Wang , Guorong Liu , Zhongsheng Pu , Hua Yang
Herein, we have developed Ag/In2S3/BiOBr double-heterojunction photocatalysts by decorating (001)-facet exposed BiOBr nanodisks with In2S3 and Ag nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that the ternary Ag/In2S3/BiOBr photocatalysts exhibit higher photocatalysis for degradation of various organic pollutants and H2O2 synthesis than In2S3 and BiOBr as well as binary In2S3/BiOBr and Ag/BiOBr photocatalysts. Typically, the 0.4%Ag/20%IS/BOB results in a 96.9% degradation of ciprofloxacin within 120 min and exhibits a photodegradation activity 3.9 (or 8.3) times higher than that of BiOBr (or In2S3). The yield rate of H2O2 over the 0.4%Ag/20%IS/BOB reaches 1800 µmol g−1 h−1, which is 2.5 (or 5.6) times higher than that over BiOBr (or In2S3). The enhanced photocatalysis mechanism can be explained because the created In2S3/BiOBr and BiOBr/Ag interface electric fields as well as the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanoparticles synergistically promote the photocarrier transfer and separation, consequently enabling more photocarrier to participate in the photocatalytic reactions.
{"title":"Constructing Ag/In2S3/BiOBr double-heterojunction photocatalysts for boosting photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and H2O2 synthesis","authors":"Yanming Wang , Junqin Zhang , Xiaofeng Sun , Zao Yi , Shifa Wang , Guorong Liu , Zhongsheng Pu , Hua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we have developed Ag/In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/BiOBr double-heterojunction photocatalysts by decorating (001)-facet exposed BiOBr nanodisks with In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and Ag nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that the ternary Ag/In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/BiOBr photocatalysts exhibit higher photocatalysis for degradation of various organic pollutants and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> synthesis than In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and BiOBr as well as binary In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/BiOBr and Ag/BiOBr photocatalysts. Typically, the 0.4%Ag/20%IS/BOB results in a 96.9% degradation of ciprofloxacin within 120 min and exhibits a photodegradation activity 3.9 (or 8.3) times higher than that of BiOBr (or In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>). The yield rate of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> over the 0.4%Ag/20%IS/BOB reaches 1800 µmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, which is 2.5 (or 5.6) times higher than that over BiOBr (or In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>). The enhanced photocatalysis mechanism can be explained because the created In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/BiOBr and BiOBr/Ag interface electric fields as well as the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanoparticles synergistically promote the photocarrier transfer and separation, consequently enabling more photocarrier to participate in the photocatalytic reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113965"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113948
Tahereh Javanmard, Morteza Jabbari, Sayyed Ahmad Nabavi-Amri, Azam Jabbari
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a class of liquid mixtures formed through strong hydrogen-bond interactions between a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), have emerged as environmentally friendly and versatile alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In the present study, several novel choline-chloride-free DESs (i.e., DESs prepared without using the conventional HBA choline chloride) were developed to provide more cost-effective and accessible options compared to traditional choline-chloride-based systems. The solvents were prepared by combining N,N-dimethylaniline hydrochloride, where the chloride anion (Cl-) functions as the HBA, with urea, whose N–H groups act as the HBDs, at molar ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The prepared DESs were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). DSC analysis confirmed significant melting-point depression relative to the pure constituents, while the FT-IR spectra confirmed hydrogen-bond formation, as evidenced by the redshift of the N-H stretching band of urea from 3448 cm-1 to 3340-3200 cm-1 in the prepared DESs and the shift of the C=O band from 1680 cm-1 to approximately 1728-1732 cm-1, accompanied by an increase in peak intensity. Furthermore, key physicochemical properties (including density, refractive index, specific conductivity, and dielectric constant) were measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results were interpreted based on variations in HBA/HBD molar ratios and the chemical nature of the starting components.
{"title":"Novel sustainable choline chloride-free deep eutectic solvents: Preparation and physicochemical evaluation","authors":"Tahereh Javanmard, Morteza Jabbari, Sayyed Ahmad Nabavi-Amri, Azam Jabbari","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a class of liquid mixtures formed through strong hydrogen-bond interactions between a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), have emerged as environmentally friendly and versatile alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In the present study, several novel choline-chloride-free DESs (i.e., DESs prepared without using the conventional HBA choline chloride) were developed to provide more cost-effective and accessible options compared to traditional choline-chloride-based systems. The solvents were prepared by combining N,N-dimethylaniline hydrochloride, where the chloride anion (Cl<sup>-</sup>) functions as the HBA, with urea, whose N–H groups act as the HBDs, at molar ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The prepared DESs were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). DSC analysis confirmed significant melting-point depression relative to the pure constituents, while the FT-IR spectra confirmed hydrogen-bond formation, as evidenced by the redshift of the N-H stretching band of urea from 3448 cm<sup>-1</sup> to 3340-3200 cm<sup>-1</sup> in the prepared DESs and the shift of the C=O band from 1680 cm<sup>-1</sup> to approximately 1728-1732 cm<sup>-1</sup>, accompanied by an increase in peak intensity. Furthermore, key physicochemical properties (including density, refractive index, specific conductivity, and dielectric constant) were measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results were interpreted based on variations in HBA/HBD molar ratios and the chemical nature of the starting components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113949
Nimai Pathak , Kawsar Ali , Abdulelah Alolayan , Yuanbing Mao
Narrow ultraviolet and broad tunable near-infrared dual-band emitting single-phase phosphors are scientifically significant and technologically challenging. However, their development remains difficult due to the complexity of achieving multiple luminescent properties through single metal ion doping and defect engineering. In this study, we report narrow-band UV-B and broadband tunable NIR emissions from Gd-doped MgAl2O4 phosphors. Their photoluminescence covers down-conversion across UV, visible, and NIR regions. Its NIR emission is tunable and red-shifts when being excited at long excitation wavelengths. Also, they show visible-to-UVB and UVA up-conversion emissions, attributed to intermediate bands created by defects such as oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen as confirmed by EPR analysis. DFT-based calculations have identified defect-based mid-gap states, correlating with the observed emissions. These findings provide insights into the defect-related mechanisms governing both down-conversion and up-conversion in Gd-doped MgAl2O4. This study is expected to excite researchers to explore dual emitting phosphors across UV and NIR ranges.
{"title":"Narrow ultraviolet and broad tunable near-infrared dual emissions from Gd3+-Doped MgAl2O4","authors":"Nimai Pathak , Kawsar Ali , Abdulelah Alolayan , Yuanbing Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Narrow ultraviolet and broad tunable near-infrared dual-band emitting single-phase phosphors are scientifically significant and technologically challenging. However, their development remains difficult due to the complexity of achieving multiple luminescent properties through single metal ion doping and defect engineering. In this study, we report narrow-band UV-B and broadband tunable NIR emissions from Gd-doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phosphors. Their photoluminescence covers down-conversion across UV, visible, and NIR regions. Its NIR emission is tunable and red-shifts when being excited at long excitation wavelengths. Also, they show visible-to-UVB and UVA up-conversion emissions, attributed to intermediate bands created by defects such as oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen as confirmed by EPR analysis. DFT-based calculations have identified defect-based mid-gap states, correlating with the observed emissions. These findings provide insights into the defect-related mechanisms governing both down-conversion and up-conversion in Gd-doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. This study is expected to excite researchers to explore dual emitting phosphors across UV and NIR ranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113949"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113946
Lixiang Jian , Zhenyue Yu , Xiao Wu , Chunlin Zhao , Cong Lin , Min Gao , Xinan Chen , Yi Lin
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the primary bacteria that causes endodontic failure. The formation of biofilms in root canals makes it resistant to common antimicrobial irrigants. Here, single-phase Bi2Fe4O9 (BFO) nanosheets are used to effectively eradicate E. faecalis biofilms via piezo-Fenton tandem catalysis. The nanosheet morphology endows BFO with excellent piezocatalytic ability, which boosts the production of H2O2 under ultrasonic (US) stimuli. The in-situ generated H2O2 further facilitates the iron-based Fenton reaction in BFO, thereby accelerating the destruction of membrane structures of E. faecalis biofilms. Moreover, the piezo-Fenton tandem catalysis only requires an US power of 60 W, which can be readily obtained via US irrigation during routine dental treatments. Accordingly, single-phase BFO nanosheets provide a practical and highly efficient approach for eradicating E. faecalis biofilms in dentin canals.
{"title":"Piezo-Fenton tandem catalysis of single-phase Bi2Fe4O9 nanosheets against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals","authors":"Lixiang Jian , Zhenyue Yu , Xiao Wu , Chunlin Zhao , Cong Lin , Min Gao , Xinan Chen , Yi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (<em>E. faecalis</em>) is one of the primary bacteria that causes endodontic failure. The formation of biofilms in root canals makes it resistant to common antimicrobial irrigants. Here, single-phase Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (BFO) nanosheets are used to effectively eradicate <em>E. faecalis</em> biofilms <em>via</em> piezo-Fenton tandem catalysis. The nanosheet morphology endows BFO with excellent piezocatalytic ability, which boosts the production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> under ultrasonic (US) stimuli. The <em>in-situ</em> generated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> further facilitates the iron-based Fenton reaction in BFO, thereby accelerating the destruction of membrane structures of <em>E. faecalis</em> biofilms. Moreover, the piezo-Fenton tandem catalysis only requires an US power of 60 W, which can be readily obtained <em>via</em> US irrigation during routine dental treatments. Accordingly, single-phase BFO nanosheets provide a practical and highly efficient approach for eradicating <em>E. faecalis</em> biofilms in dentin canals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Single zinc oxide nano-rods (ZnO NRs) and sputtered molybdenum (Mo) ZnO NRs were prepared, respectively, through the same sulfurization process. The purpose of doing so was to obtain diffusion reaction blocked zinc sulfide (ZnS) and nano-2D layered molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) modified ZnO NRs. Following this, electroplated cuprous oxide (Cu2O) was employed to complete two hetero-structure non-enzymatic glucose sensing electrodes. Based on the experimental results, 2D layered MoS2-modified ZnO NRs grow into a bamboo-like nodular structure to increase not only the contact area but also the independent electron exchange channels. Comparing the two modified electrodes of ZnS and MoS2, the sensitivity of cyclic voltammetry (CVs) increased from 396 to 680.4, and the fitting superiority R2 value increased from 0.985 to 0.993. Finally, the chronoamperometry measurement of the MoS2 modified sensing electrode obtained two linear ranges of low and high concentrations, which are 1600 (0–5.556 mM) and 722.3 μAmM-1 cm-2 (5.556 -11.11 mM), respectively.
采用相同的硫化工艺，分别制备了单氧化锌纳米棒（ZnO NRs）和溅射氧化锌纳米棒（Mo）。这样做的目的是获得扩散反应阻断的硫化锌（ZnS）和纳米2d层状硫化钼（MoS2）修饰的ZnO NRs。随后，电镀氧化亚铜（Cu2O）完成了两个异质结构非酶促葡萄糖传感电极。实验结果表明，二维层状mos2修饰的ZnO纳米管生长成竹节状结构，不仅增加了接触面积，而且增加了独立的电子交换通道。ZnS和MoS2两种修饰电极相比，循环伏安法（cv）的灵敏度从396提高到680.4，拟合优势R2从0.985提高到0.993。最后，对改性的MoS2传感电极进行时序电流测量，得到了低、高浓度的两个线性范围，分别为1600 μ am -1 cm-2 （5.556 ~ 11.11 mM）和722.3 μ am -1 cm-2。
{"title":"Two-dimensional layered molybdenum sulfide modified cuprous oxide/zinc oxide nanorod non-enzymatic glucose sensing electrode: Nodule mechanism and bandgap matching","authors":"Hsi-Chao Chen , An-Hsiung Zheng , Ying-Sheng Lin , Hui-Hsiu Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single zinc oxide nano-rods (ZnO NRs) and sputtered molybdenum (Mo) ZnO NRs were prepared, respectively, through the same sulfurization process. The purpose of doing so was to obtain diffusion reaction blocked zinc sulfide (ZnS) and nano-2D layered molybdenum sulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) modified ZnO NRs. Following this, electroplated cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) was employed to complete two hetero-structure non-enzymatic glucose sensing electrodes. Based on the experimental results, 2D layered MoS<sub>2</sub>-modified ZnO NRs grow into a bamboo-like nodular structure to increase not only the contact area but also the independent electron exchange channels. Comparing the two modified electrodes of ZnS and MoS<sub>2</sub>, the sensitivity of cyclic voltammetry (CVs) increased from 396 to 680.4, and the fitting superiority R<sup>2</sup> value increased from 0.985 to 0.993. Finally, the chronoamperometry measurement of the MoS<sub>2</sub> modified sensing electrode obtained two linear ranges of low and high concentrations, which are 1600 (0–5.556 mM) and 722.3 μAmM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> (5.556 -11.11 mM), respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113943
André Lucas Costa , Clara Johanna Pacheco , Julieth Caro Patiño , Angelo Márcio de Souza Gomes , Flavia Artizzu , Sergio Antonio Marques Lima , Airton Germano Bispo-Jr , Ana Maria Pires
We report the fabrication of multifunctional core@shell nanostructures integrating photonic and magnetic properties via a stepwise synthetic approach. The Fe3O4 + Y2O3:Yb,Tm@SiO2 hybrid was prepared through co-precipitation, homogeneous precipitation with urea, and silica coating, followed by functionalization with isocyanate groups. Subsequent coupling with 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid (pamba) enabled Eu3+ coordination through carboxylate moieties. Finally, the β-diketonate ligand 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-butanedione (4-Cl-btfa) was coordinated to Eu3+, promoting efficient ligand-to-metal energy transfer. The resulting nanostructure exhibited a saturation magnetization of 0.58 emu g−1 with negligible coercivity, consistent with related systems. Under 980 nm excitation (1500 mW), bright blue upconversion emission from Yb3+/Tm3+ in the Y2O3 matrix was observed. In contrast, ultraviolet excitation (335 nm) produced intense red emission with an absolute quantum yield of 12.7 %, arising from Eu3+ β-diketonate complexes on the surface. These findings demonstrate tunable emission behavior depending on excitation wavelength and highlight the potential of rational core@shell assembly for multifunctional nanoplatforms.
{"title":"A dual-mode magnetic–luminescent hybrid: Fe3O4 + Y2O3:Yb3+,Tm3+ decorated with a Eu3+β-diketonate complex","authors":"André Lucas Costa , Clara Johanna Pacheco , Julieth Caro Patiño , Angelo Márcio de Souza Gomes , Flavia Artizzu , Sergio Antonio Marques Lima , Airton Germano Bispo-Jr , Ana Maria Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the fabrication of multifunctional core@shell nanostructures integrating photonic and magnetic properties via a stepwise synthetic approach. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Yb,Tm@SiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid was prepared through co-precipitation, homogeneous precipitation with urea, and silica coating, followed by functionalization with isocyanate groups. Subsequent coupling with 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid (pamba) enabled Eu<sup>3+</sup> coordination through carboxylate moieties. Finally, the β-diketonate ligand 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-1,3-butanedione (4-Cl-btfa) was coordinated to Eu<sup>3+</sup>, promoting efficient ligand-to-metal energy transfer. The resulting nanostructure exhibited a saturation magnetization of 0.58 emu g<sup>−1</sup> with negligible coercivity, consistent with related systems. Under 980 nm excitation (1500 mW), bright blue upconversion emission from Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Tm<sup>3+</sup> in the Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> matrix was observed. In contrast, ultraviolet excitation (335 nm) produced intense red emission with an absolute quantum yield of 12.7 %, arising from Eu<sup>3+</sup> β-diketonate complexes on the surface. These findings demonstrate tunable emission behavior depending on excitation wavelength and highlight the potential of rational core@shell assembly for multifunctional nanoplatforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113941
Gieop Lee , An-Na Cha , Sea Cho , Jeong Soo Chung , Young-Boo Moon , Myung Sik Kim , Jun-Seok Ha
Recently, β-Ga2O3 has attracted considerable attention as an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor owing to its large bandgap (∼4.9 eV), high breakdown field, and strong potential for next-generation power and optoelectronic devices. However, achieving high-quality homoepitaxial growth remains challenging due to interfacial strain, lattice imperfections, and surface-related effects. In this study, homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 (001) films were grown on CF4 plasma–treated β-Ga2O3 (001) substrates using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The CF4-based inductively coupled plasma–reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) treatment increased the substrate surface free energy by approximately 10 mJ/m2 and reduced surface roughness, thereby enhancing precursor adsorption and promoting two-dimensional, layer-by-layer growth. As a result, both the crystal quality and surface morphology of the epitaxial films were significantly improved, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the suppression of step-like interfacial distortions. These findings demonstrate that CF4 plasma treatment effectively enhances homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 (001) growth by minimizing interfacial defects and enabling more uniform epitaxy.
{"title":"Effect of CF4 plasma treatment on β-Ga2O3 (001) substrates for enhanced homoepitaxial growth by MOCVD","authors":"Gieop Lee , An-Na Cha , Sea Cho , Jeong Soo Chung , Young-Boo Moon , Myung Sik Kim , Jun-Seok Ha","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has attracted considerable attention as an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor owing to its large bandgap (∼4.9 eV), high breakdown field, and strong potential for next-generation power and optoelectronic devices. However, achieving high-quality homoepitaxial growth remains challenging due to interfacial strain, lattice imperfections, and surface-related effects. In this study, homoepitaxial β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (001) films were grown on CF<sub>4</sub> plasma–treated β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (001) substrates using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The CF<sub>4</sub>-based inductively coupled plasma–reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) treatment increased the substrate surface free energy by approximately 10 mJ/m<sup>2</sup> and reduced surface roughness, thereby enhancing precursor adsorption and promoting two-dimensional, layer-by-layer growth. As a result, both the crystal quality and surface morphology of the epitaxial films were significantly improved, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the suppression of step-like interfacial distortions. These findings demonstrate that CF<sub>4</sub> plasma treatment effectively enhances homoepitaxial β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (001) growth by minimizing interfacial defects and enabling more uniform epitaxy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113941"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113944
Shuaida Song , Jie Zhao , Xiangjie Duan , Na Zhou , Jizhuang Fan , Bo Tian , Yunchen Du
Polymer-based composites attract increasing attention for γ-ray shielding because of their light weight, flexibility, and easy processing. In this study, tungsten carbide–carbon (WCC) with dual-scale characteristics, composed of ultrafine WC1-x nanoparticles (3–4 nm) anchored on micrometer-scale carbon scaffolds, is incorporated into a polypropylene (PP) matrix to develop high-performance shielding materials. WCC possessing combined micro– and nano-scale features effectively mitigates nanoparticle agglomeration and enhances radiation attenuation across a wide energy range. Among the prepared composites, WCC45PP (45 wt % WCC) exhibits a linear attenuation coefficient (μL) of 3.597 cm-1 and a radiation protection efficiency (RPE) of 48.3 % at 59.6 keV, while also showing superior mechanical and thermal stability compared with the composite containing commercial WC. These results indicate that WCC with dual-scale characteristics provides an effective strategy for designing lightweight, flexible, and lead-free polymer composites for γ-ray shielding applications.
{"title":"Tungsten carbide/carbon composite as novel functional filler in polypropylene enables highly efficient γ-ray shielding","authors":"Shuaida Song , Jie Zhao , Xiangjie Duan , Na Zhou , Jizhuang Fan , Bo Tian , Yunchen Du","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-based composites attract increasing attention for γ-ray shielding because of their light weight, flexibility, and easy processing. In this study, tungsten carbide–carbon (WCC) with dual-scale characteristics, composed of ultrafine WC<sub>1-x</sub> nanoparticles (3–4 nm) anchored on micrometer-scale carbon scaffolds, is incorporated into a polypropylene (PP) matrix to develop high-performance shielding materials. WCC possessing combined micro– and nano-scale features effectively mitigates nanoparticle agglomeration and enhances radiation attenuation across a wide energy range. Among the prepared composites, WCC45PP (45 wt % WCC) exhibits a linear attenuation coefficient (<em>μ</em><sub>L</sub>) of 3.597 cm<sup>-1</sup> and a radiation protection efficiency (RPE) of 48.3 % at 59.6 keV, while also showing superior mechanical and thermal stability compared with the composite containing commercial WC. These results indicate that WCC with dual-scale characteristics provides an effective strategy for designing lightweight, flexible, and lead-free polymer composites for γ-ray shielding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, Eu(2-CIBA)3Phen, Tb(2-CIBA)3Phen, and Eu0.025Tb0.975(2-CIBA)3Phen complexes were synthesized and investigated for their optical properties. With increasing temperature, the PL spectra of Eu0.025Tb0.975(2-CIBA)3Phen recorded between 78–298 K demonstrate a tunable emission color ranging from greenish to reddish. The lifetime of the 5D4 state of Tb3+ systematically decreases whilst that of the 5D0 state of Eu3+ remains nearly temperature independent. A self-referenced ratiometric parameter, I612/I543, was employed for temperature sensing, yielding a maximum relative temperature sensitivity of 2.35 % K-1 at 298 K. Additionally, the temperature-sensing behavior was examined using the lifetime ratio of the 5D0 state of Eu3+ to the 5D4 state of Tb3+, which yielded consistent results. Notably, the combined use of ratiometric PL intensity and lifetime ratio for temperature sensing has not previously been explored for a lanthanide complex. Furthermore, the Eu0.025Tb0.975(2-CIBA)3Phen possesses high PL intensity and PLQY that make this complex system a reliable, self-calibrated thermometer.
{"title":"Exploring optical properties and ratiometric temperature sensing via PL intensity and lifetime in Eu0.025Tb0.975(2-CIBA)3Phen","authors":"Diksha Baloni , Anjana Yadav , Shruti Sajwan , Sunil Kumar Singh , Akhilesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Eu(2-CIBA)<sub>3</sub>Phen, Tb(2-CIBA)<sub>3</sub>Phen, and Eu<sub>0.025</sub>Tb<sub>0.975</sub>(2-CIBA)<sub>3</sub>Phen complexes were synthesized and investigated for their optical properties. With increasing temperature, the PL spectra of Eu<sub>0.025</sub>Tb<sub>0.975</sub>(2-CIBA)<sub>3</sub>Phen recorded between 78–298 K demonstrate a tunable emission color ranging from greenish to reddish. The lifetime of the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>4</sub> state of Tb<sup>3+</sup> systematically decreases whilst that of the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> state of Eu<sup>3+</sup> remains nearly temperature independent. A self-referenced ratiometric parameter, <em>I</em><sub>612</sub>/<em>I</em><sub>543</sub>, was employed for temperature sensing, yielding a maximum relative temperature sensitivity of 2.35 % K<sup>-1</sup> at 298 K. Additionally, the temperature-sensing behavior was examined using the lifetime ratio of the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> state of Eu<sup>3+</sup> to the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>4</sub> state of Tb<sup>3+</sup>, which yielded <strong>c</strong>onsistent results. Notably, the combined use of ratiometric PL intensity and lifetime ratio for temperature sensing has not previously been explored for a lanthanide complex. Furthermore, the Eu<sub>0.025</sub>Tb<sub>0.975</sub>(2-CIBA)<sub>3</sub>Phen possesses high PL intensity and PLQY that make this complex system a reliable, self-calibrated thermometer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113942
Suhee Jang, Lia Saptini Handriani, Hyun Cheol Yun, Dae Yeop Jeong, Yelim Kim, Minjoo Kim, Zhe Gao, Jae-il Jang, Won Il Park
In this study, we introduce a novel edge-induced alloying mechanism in which etched edges of a pre-grown MoS2 film serve as an internal Mo source during metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Patterned MoS2 templates with exposed edges were fabricated via photolithography and O2 plasma etching, followed by WS2 regrowth under standard MOCVD conditions. Mo atoms released from the edges migrated across the substrate surface, mixing with incoming W atoms to form Mo1-xWxS2 alloys. Raman spectroscopy confirmed alloy formation through characteristic A1g peak shifts and broadening. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) analyses revealed homogeneous Mo–W mixing with ∼40–50 at. % Mo. Alloy uniformity and reproducibility were preserved across various pattern sizes and inter-hole distances, even at the macroscale. These findings establish a scalable and reproducible edge-induced alloying mechanism, offering guidelines for the fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures and alloys with high structural precision.
{"title":"Direct and scalable edge-induced alloying of Mo1-xWxS2 via patterned MoS2 templates","authors":"Suhee Jang, Lia Saptini Handriani, Hyun Cheol Yun, Dae Yeop Jeong, Yelim Kim, Minjoo Kim, Zhe Gao, Jae-il Jang, Won Il Park","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we introduce a novel edge-induced alloying mechanism in which etched edges of a pre-grown MoS<sub>2</sub> film serve as an internal Mo source during metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Patterned MoS<sub>2</sub> templates with exposed edges were fabricated via photolithography and O<sub>2</sub> plasma etching, followed by WS<sub>2</sub> regrowth under standard MOCVD conditions. Mo atoms released from the edges migrated across the substrate surface, mixing with incoming W atoms to form Mo<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>S<sub>2</sub> alloys. Raman spectroscopy confirmed alloy formation through characteristic A<sub>1g</sub> peak shifts and broadening. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) analyses revealed homogeneous Mo–W mixing with ∼40–50 at. % Mo. Alloy uniformity and reproducibility were preserved across various pattern sizes and inter-hole distances, even at the macroscale. These findings establish a scalable and reproducible edge-induced alloying mechanism, offering guidelines for the fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures and alloys with high structural precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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