Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113942
Suhee Jang, Lia Saptini Handriani, Hyun Cheol Yun, Dae Yeop Jeong, Yelim Kim, Minjoo Kim, Zhe Gao, Jae-il Jang, Won Il Park
In this study, we introduce a novel edge-induced alloying mechanism in which etched edges of a pre-grown MoS2 film serve as an internal Mo source during metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Patterned MoS2 templates with exposed edges were fabricated via photolithography and O2 plasma etching, followed by WS2 regrowth under standard MOCVD conditions. Mo atoms released from the edges migrated across the substrate surface, mixing with incoming W atoms to form Mo1-xWxS2 alloys. Raman spectroscopy confirmed alloy formation through characteristic A1g peak shifts and broadening. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) analyses revealed homogeneous Mo–W mixing with ∼40–50 at. % Mo. Alloy uniformity and reproducibility were preserved across various pattern sizes and inter-hole distances, even at the macroscale. These findings establish a scalable and reproducible edge-induced alloying mechanism, offering guidelines for the fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures and alloys with high structural precision.
{"title":"Direct and scalable edge-induced alloying of Mo1-xWxS2 via patterned MoS2 templates","authors":"Suhee Jang, Lia Saptini Handriani, Hyun Cheol Yun, Dae Yeop Jeong, Yelim Kim, Minjoo Kim, Zhe Gao, Jae-il Jang, Won Il Park","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we introduce a novel edge-induced alloying mechanism in which etched edges of a pre-grown MoS<sub>2</sub> film serve as an internal Mo source during metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Patterned MoS<sub>2</sub> templates with exposed edges were fabricated via photolithography and O<sub>2</sub> plasma etching, followed by WS<sub>2</sub> regrowth under standard MOCVD conditions. Mo atoms released from the edges migrated across the substrate surface, mixing with incoming W atoms to form Mo<sub>1-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>S<sub>2</sub> alloys. Raman spectroscopy confirmed alloy formation through characteristic A<sub>1g</sub> peak shifts and broadening. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) analyses revealed homogeneous Mo–W mixing with ∼40–50 at. % Mo. Alloy uniformity and reproducibility were preserved across various pattern sizes and inter-hole distances, even at the macroscale. These findings establish a scalable and reproducible edge-induced alloying mechanism, offering guidelines for the fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures and alloys with high structural precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113939
Sandeep Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Arvind K Gathania
Na2BaCa(PO4)2 phosphors doped with Sm3+ ions were synthesized via a urea-assisted solution combustion method, and their structural and optical properties were investigated using XRD, FTIR, XPS, and PL analyses. XRD confirmed a stable single-phase Na2BaCa(PO4)2 lattice up to 0.5 mol% doping of Sm3+ ions, while higher doping concentrations (x ≥ 1 mol%) induced a secondary Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3 phase. PL studies revealed a maximum emission intensity at a 5 mol% doping concentration of Sm3+ ions, with concentration quenching occurring beyond this level. The optimized Na2BaCa(PO4)2: 0.05Sm3+ sample exhibited intense reddish-orange emission with CIE coordinates (0.5948, 0.4044), 99.9 % color purity, and a CCT of 1507 K. Excellent thermal stability of the optimal Na2BaCa(PO4)2:0.05Sm3+ phosphor was observed up to 443 K, with an activation energy of 0.1997eV. Furthermore, under 401 nm excitation, the phosphor exhibited promising optical thermometry performance between 293 K and 593 K, with maximum sensitivities of 10.42×10−4 K−1 (absolute) and 0.22 % K−1 (relative), demonstrating its potential in solid-state lighting and temperature sensing applications.
{"title":"Efficient and thermally stable Sm3+-activated Na2BaCa(PO4)2 phosphors for solid-state lighting and optical thermometry","authors":"Sandeep Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Arvind K Gathania","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Na<sub>2</sub>BaCa(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> phosphors doped with Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions were synthesized via a urea-assisted solution combustion method, and their structural and optical properties were investigated using XRD, FTIR, XPS, and PL analyses. XRD confirmed a stable single-phase Na<sub>2</sub>BaCa(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> lattice up to 0.5 mol% doping of Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions, while higher doping concentrations (<em>x</em> ≥ 1 mol%) induced a secondary Na<sub>3</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Ca(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> phase. PL studies revealed a maximum emission intensity at a 5 mol% doping concentration of Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions, with concentration quenching occurring beyond this level. The optimized Na<sub>2</sub>BaCa(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>: 0.05Sm<sup>3+</sup> sample exhibited intense reddish-orange emission with CIE coordinates (0.5948, 0.4044), 99.9 % color purity, and a CCT of 1507 K. Excellent thermal stability of the optimal Na<sub>2</sub>BaCa(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>:0.05Sm<sup>3+</sup> phosphor was observed up to 443 K, with an activation energy of <strong>0.1997eV</strong>. Furthermore, under 401 nm excitation, the phosphor exhibited promising optical thermometry performance between 293 K and 593 K, with maximum sensitivities of <strong>10.42</strong> <strong>×</strong> <strong>10<sup>−4</sup> K<sup>−1</sup></strong> (absolute) and <strong>0.22 % K<sup>−1</sup></strong> (relative), demonstrating its potential in solid-state lighting and temperature sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113932
Bairui Qi , Gang Chen , Yuntian Zhu , Zhu Xiao
The growing global energy demand and environmental concerns necessitate efficient energy storage and sustainable waste management. Here, we introduce a NiCo Bimetallic Nanotrappers fabricated by the secondary recycling of coffee grounds through carbonization for capacitive energy storage. . By tuning Co and Ni salt ratios, ultrathin NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets form a unique trap-like polyhedral structure on carbon frameworks. The NiCo2O4/CFC electrode achieves a high specific capacitance of 1565 F/g at 5 A/g, maintains 767 F/g at 40 A/g, and exhibits good cyclic stability with 80.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, while its charge-transfer resistance (Rct) remains relatively stable at 0.62 Ω. Its performance stems from unique trap-like structure for enhanced electron ion transport, large specific surface area, and N-doping-induced increase in reactive sites, coupled with good intrinsic electrical conductivity for rapid electron transport. This sustainable strategy paves the way for high-performance green energy materials.
日益增长的全球能源需求和环境问题需要有效的能源储存和可持续的废物管理。本文介绍了一种利用咖啡渣经炭化二次回收制备的NiCo双金属纳米捕集器，用于电容储能。通过调整Co和Ni盐的比例，超薄NiCo₂O₄纳米片在碳骨架上形成独特的陷阱状多面体结构。NiCo2O4/CFC电极在5 a /g时具有1565 F/g的高比电容，在40 a /g时保持767 F/g，在5000次循环后具有80.3%的电容保持率，而其电荷转移电阻（Rct）保持在0.62 Ω的相对稳定。它的性能源于其独特的陷阱状结构，增强了电子离子的传递，大的比表面积，n掺杂诱导的反应位点的增加，以及快速电子传递的良好的本征电导率。这一可持续战略为高性能绿色能源材料铺平了道路。
{"title":"NiCo bimetallic nanotrappers derived from recycled coffee grounds for capacitive energy storage","authors":"Bairui Qi , Gang Chen , Yuntian Zhu , Zhu Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global energy demand and environmental concerns necessitate efficient energy storage and sustainable waste management. Here, we introduce a NiCo Bimetallic Nanotrappers fabricated by the secondary recycling of coffee grounds through carbonization for capacitive energy storage. . By tuning Co and Ni salt ratios, ultrathin NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets form a unique trap-like polyhedral structure on carbon frameworks. The NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CFC electrode achieves a high specific capacitance of 1565 F/g at 5 A/g, maintains 767 F/g at 40 A/g, and exhibits good cyclic stability with 80.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, while its charge-transfer resistance (<em>R<sub>ct</sub></em>) remains relatively stable at 0.62 Ω. Its performance stems from unique trap-like structure for enhanced electron ion transport, large specific surface area, and N-doping-induced increase in reactive sites, coupled with good intrinsic electrical conductivity for rapid electron transport. This sustainable strategy paves the way for high-performance green energy materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113929
Zaur.N. Nuriakhmetov , Oleg A. Nerushev , Igor A. Betke , Yuri D. Chernousov , Dmitry V. Smovzh , Andrey G. Komarov , Vladimir I. Savichev
A hierarchical filler was synthesized by growing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on aluminosilicate fly ash cenospheres (FACs). The process involved depositing a uniform ferromagnetic Fe catalyst layer (55 nm) via magnetron sputtering, followed by the chemical vapor deposition of a dense MWCNT array (50–60 nm diameter). Composite samples containing 20 wt.% of this filler in a polyurethane matrix were prepared. Their microwave properties were characterized by measuring the scattering parameters (S-parameters) over the 1–13 GHz frequency range. Subsequently, the complex permittivity and permeability were extracted from the S-parameter data using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir algorithm. The results reveal that MWCNTs introduce significant resistive losses (increased ε''), while the annealed Fe layer tunes the magnetic response. This dual-component modification enables independent tuning of the composite’s dielectric and magnetic properties. Our study demonstrates a scalable method for transforming low-cost industrial by-products into lightweight, functional materials with tailorable electromagnetic characteristics.
{"title":"CVD–Grown CNTs on metallized fly ash cenospheres as tunable microwave–functional fillers","authors":"Zaur.N. Nuriakhmetov , Oleg A. Nerushev , Igor A. Betke , Yuri D. Chernousov , Dmitry V. Smovzh , Andrey G. Komarov , Vladimir I. Savichev","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hierarchical filler was synthesized by growing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on aluminosilicate fly ash cenospheres (FACs). The process involved depositing a uniform ferromagnetic Fe catalyst layer (55 nm) via magnetron sputtering, followed by the chemical vapor deposition of a dense MWCNT array (50–60 nm diameter). Composite samples containing 20 wt.% of this filler in a polyurethane matrix were prepared. Their microwave properties were characterized by measuring the scattering parameters (S-parameters) over the 1–13 GHz frequency range. Subsequently, the complex permittivity and permeability were extracted from the S-parameter data using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir algorithm. The results reveal that MWCNTs introduce significant resistive losses (increased ε''), while the annealed Fe layer tunes the magnetic response. This dual-component modification enables independent tuning of the composite’s dielectric and magnetic properties. Our study demonstrates a scalable method for transforming low-cost industrial by-products into lightweight, functional materials with tailorable electromagnetic characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 113929"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113930
Aamir Nawaz , Zia Ahmad , Muhammad Babar Taj , Aaysha Ihsan , Muhammad Tasleem
A protein-based gelatin biopolymer shows significant promise in biomedical applications, particularly for anticancer drug delivery. This review summarizes key physicochemical characteristics of gelatin relevant for designing novel drug delivery systems (DDS). The polymer’s chemical structure, sol-gel transition behavior, surface functionalization, crosslinking potential, and controlled drug release properties are discussed in the context of DDS development. The analysis includes the structural morphology of gelatin composites for delivering bioactive and therapeutic agents, focusing on responsiveness to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, magnetic fields, photothermal irradiation, and electric fields. Methodologies for fabricating gelatin composites, including solvent casting, electrospinning, thermal compression, superheated steam processing, and acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis, are briefly reviewed. The enhanced cellular adhesion, regulated drug release, and pH-responsive behavior of gelatin composites contribute to inhibiting cancer cell growth. Challenges in using gelatin composites in DDS are also examined, including limitations in cellular absorption, hydrolysis and degradation, temperature sensitivity, instability, storage issues, particle size/shape control, and drug release kinetics. Finally, gelatin's excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to promote cell attachment and proliferation make it an effective nano-vehicle for anticancer drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficiency.
{"title":"Exploring fabrication, challenges, and mechanistic view of gelatin composites for anticancer drug release under influence of external stimuli: A comprehensive review","authors":"Aamir Nawaz , Zia Ahmad , Muhammad Babar Taj , Aaysha Ihsan , Muhammad Tasleem","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A protein-based gelatin biopolymer shows significant promise in biomedical applications, particularly for anticancer drug delivery. This review summarizes key physicochemical characteristics of gelatin relevant for designing novel drug delivery systems (DDS). The polymer’s chemical structure, sol-gel transition behavior, surface functionalization, crosslinking potential, and controlled drug release properties are discussed in the context of DDS development. The analysis includes the structural morphology of gelatin composites for delivering bioactive and therapeutic agents, focusing on responsiveness to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, magnetic fields, photothermal irradiation, and electric fields. Methodologies for fabricating gelatin composites, including solvent casting, electrospinning, thermal compression, superheated steam processing, and acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis, are briefly reviewed. The enhanced cellular adhesion, regulated drug release, and pH-responsive behavior of gelatin composites contribute to inhibiting cancer cell growth. Challenges in using gelatin composites in DDS are also examined, including limitations in cellular absorption, hydrolysis and degradation, temperature sensitivity, instability, storage issues, particle size/shape control, and drug release kinetics. Finally, gelatin's excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to promote cell attachment and proliferation make it an effective nano-vehicle for anticancer drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 113930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113928
Nattharika Theekhasuk , Aparporn Sakulkalavek , Takahito Ono , Rachsak Sakdanuphab , Duc Nam Nguyen , Yongyut Kaewjumras , Chalermpol Rudradawong , Nguyen Van Toan
Thermoelectric materials offer a promising route for sustainable energy harvesting by directly converting waste heat into electricity, enabling compact, solid-state, and environmentally friendly energy solutions. Among them, bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) stands out as the benchmark material for near-room-temperature applications due to its excellent electronic transport properties and commercial maturity. However, achieving high-performance in bulk or thick-film Bi₂Te₃ remains a formidable challenge. Conventional strategies such as doping, alloying, and nanoinclusion, while successful in thin films, often fail to translate effectively to bulk systems due to issues like pore collapse, poor uniformity, and degraded electrical connectivity. These limitations hinder the formation of efficient phonon-scattering architectures without compromising charge transport, resulting in limited improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). In this study, we present a novel and scalable nanoengineering strategy that applies metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) to fabricate nanoporous surface layers on bulk Bi₂Te₃ for the first time. Unlike conventional nanostructuring techniques, MACE enables the formation of oriented nanostructures via a simple wet-chemical process, offering high tunability, low cost, and compatibility with large-area substrates. To reduce interfacial resistance, nickel was subsequently electrodeposited onto the nanostructured surface, forming a conformal contact layer that improves charge extraction and output performance. By systematically tuning the MACE duration, the optimized nanostructured Bi₂Te₃ sample exhibited a 2.3-fold improvement compared to the pristine bulk sample. Furthermore, due to the increased surface area from the nanoporous architecture, the internal resistance and output power of the nanostructured Bi₂Te₃ devices demonstrated 25-fold and 5.8-fold improvments, respectively, relative to the untreated sample. These remarkable improvements are attributed to the synergistic effect of enhanced phonon scattering within the nanoporous layer and improved charge transport enabled by the conformal nickel coating. This work not only introduces a powerful nanostructuring route for Bi₂Te₃ but also establishes a practical platform for high-performance, thick-film thermoelectric devices. The findings offer deep insight into the structure, property, and performance relationships governing thermoelectric efficiency and pave the way toward the scalable fabrication of next-generation thermoelectric modules for real-world applications such as industrial waste heat recovery and self-powered electronics.
{"title":"Dual optimization of ZT and output power in bulk Bi2Te3 through metal-assisted chemical etching","authors":"Nattharika Theekhasuk , Aparporn Sakulkalavek , Takahito Ono , Rachsak Sakdanuphab , Duc Nam Nguyen , Yongyut Kaewjumras , Chalermpol Rudradawong , Nguyen Van Toan","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric materials offer a promising route for sustainable energy harvesting by directly converting waste heat into electricity, enabling compact, solid-state, and environmentally friendly energy solutions. Among them, bismuth telluride (<em>Bi₂Te₃</em>) stands out as the benchmark material for near-room-temperature applications due to its excellent electronic transport properties and commercial maturity. However, achieving high-performance in bulk or thick-film <em>Bi₂Te₃</em> remains a formidable challenge. Conventional strategies such as doping, alloying, and nanoinclusion, while successful in thin films, often fail to translate effectively to bulk systems due to issues like pore collapse, poor uniformity, and degraded electrical connectivity. These limitations hinder the formation of efficient phonon-scattering architectures without compromising charge transport, resulting in limited improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (<em>ZT</em>). In this study, we present a novel and scalable nanoengineering strategy that applies metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) to fabricate nanoporous surface layers on bulk <em>Bi₂Te₃</em> for the first time. Unlike conventional nanostructuring techniques, MACE enables the formation of oriented nanostructures via a simple wet-chemical process, offering high tunability, low cost, and compatibility with large-area substrates. To reduce interfacial resistance, nickel was subsequently electrodeposited onto the nanostructured surface, forming a conformal contact layer that improves charge extraction and output performance. By systematically tuning the MACE duration, the optimized nanostructured <em>Bi₂Te₃</em> sample exhibited a 2.3-fold improvement compared to the pristine bulk sample. Furthermore, due to the increased surface area from the nanoporous architecture, the internal resistance and output power of the nanostructured <em>Bi₂Te₃</em> devices demonstrated 25-fold and 5.8-fold improvments, respectively, relative to the untreated sample. These remarkable improvements are attributed to the synergistic effect of enhanced phonon scattering within the nanoporous layer and improved charge transport enabled by the conformal nickel coating. This work not only introduces a powerful nanostructuring route for <em>Bi₂Te₃</em> but also establishes a practical platform for high-performance, thick-film thermoelectric devices. The findings offer deep insight into the structure, property, and performance relationships governing thermoelectric efficiency and pave the way toward the scalable fabrication of next-generation thermoelectric modules for real-world applications such as industrial waste heat recovery and self-powered electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 113928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113927
Jennifer Mariam Thomas , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian , Gowri Suresh , Arun Meyyazhagan , Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla , Manikantan Pappuswamy , Hesam Kamyab , Tayebeh Khademi , Yamuna Nair
Carbon dots (CDs) are a widely studied class of carbon-based nanomaterials, yet their polymeric counterpart, carbon polymer dots (CPDs), remains comparatively underexplored. CPDs are distinguished by their hybrid structure, comprising a carbon core surrounded by polymer frameworks, typically formed through partial carbonization of polymer precursors or small organic molecules. This structure preserves both polymeric and carbon dot properties, conferring superior optical features and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) relative to fully carbonized CDs or uncarbonized polymer dots. CPDs are typically synthesized through bottom-up approaches, including thermal, hydrothermal, and microwave-assisted carbonization. Their structural and functional characteristics vary considerably depending on the specific synthesis conditions. Their capacity to absorb across the UV–visible–NIR spectrum enables advanced photo-responsive interactions, enhancing their potential in biomedical and biochemical systems. This review highlights CPDs’ synthesis strategies, structural mechanisms, and unique photophysical properties, while also addressing their prospective applications in biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial platforms, and multifunctional therapeutic technologies.
{"title":"Advances and prospects of carbon polymer dots synthesis for chemical, biological, and therapeutic applications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Jennifer Mariam Thomas , Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian , Gowri Suresh , Arun Meyyazhagan , Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla , Manikantan Pappuswamy , Hesam Kamyab , Tayebeh Khademi , Yamuna Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) are a widely studied class of carbon-based nanomaterials, yet their polymeric counterpart, carbon polymer dots (CPDs), remains comparatively underexplored. CPDs are distinguished by their hybrid structure, comprising a carbon core surrounded by polymer frameworks, typically formed through partial carbonization of polymer precursors or small organic molecules. This structure preserves both polymeric and carbon dot properties, conferring superior optical features and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) relative to fully carbonized CDs or uncarbonized polymer dots. CPDs are typically synthesized through bottom-up approaches, including thermal, hydrothermal, and microwave-assisted carbonization. Their structural and functional characteristics vary considerably depending on the specific synthesis conditions. Their capacity to absorb across the UV–visible–NIR spectrum enables advanced photo-responsive interactions, enhancing their potential in biomedical and biochemical systems. This review highlights CPDs’ synthesis strategies, structural mechanisms, and unique photophysical properties, while also addressing their prospective applications in biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial platforms, and multifunctional therapeutic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 113927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113926
Gopika Udayakumar , Pitchaimani Veerakumar
The zinc-doped hematite nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen and sulfur-codoped oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Zn-α-Fe2O3@NS-Ox-MWCNTs or ZFO@NS-Ox-MWCNTs) nanohybrid was prepared by a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MW-HT) technique. The study of crystalline structure, morphology, composition, size, surface area, and optical properties were carried out by XRD, Raman, FE-SEM/TEM, EDS, BET, FT-IR, XPS, PL, ESR, EIS, and UV-DRS techniques. The higher photodegradation of sunset yellow (SY) can be attributed to the synergistic contribution of ZFO NPs and NS-Ox-MWCNTs, which inhibits photo-generated charge carrier recombination and formation of highly active radical species. The in vitro anti-microbial activities were tested against bacterial pathogens using agar disc diffusion assay, which showed prominent activity. Significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hemolysis activities were also observed. These results highlight the ZFO@NS-Ox-MWCNTs nanohybrid's significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photocatalytic properties, highlighting its potential for remediation of the environment, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation management with further in vivo research.
{"title":"Development of Zn-doped α-Fe2O3@NS-Ox-MWCNTs nanohybrid: Photocatalytic degradation of food dye and investigation of multifunctional biological assessments","authors":"Gopika Udayakumar , Pitchaimani Veerakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The zinc-doped hematite nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen and sulfur-codoped oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Zn-<em>α</em>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@NS-<em>Ox</em>-MWCNTs or ZFO@NS-<em>Ox</em>-MWCNTs) nanohybrid was prepared by a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MW-HT) technique. The study of crystalline structure, morphology, composition, size, surface area, and optical properties were carried out by XRD, Raman, FE-SEM/TEM, EDS, BET, FT-IR, XPS, PL, ESR, EIS, and UV-DRS techniques. The higher photodegradation of sunset yellow (SY) can be attributed to the synergistic contribution of ZFO NPs and NS-<em>Ox</em>-MWCNTs, which inhibits photo-generated charge carrier recombination and formation of highly active radical species. The <em>in vitro</em> anti-microbial activities were tested against bacterial pathogens using agar disc diffusion assay, which showed prominent activity. Significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hemolysis activities were also observed. These results highlight the ZFO@NS-<em>Ox</em>-MWCNTs nanohybrid's significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photocatalytic properties, highlighting its potential for remediation of the environment, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation management with further <em>in vivo</em> research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 113926"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113924
Penglong Zhao , Shuhua Ma , Xiaohui Wang , Yongqi Zhang
Fly ash, a widespread by-product of coal combustion, is increasingly regarded as a promising raw material for mullite-based ceramics, particularly high-alumina fly ash (HAFA). In this study, three HAFA and two conventional fly ash (CFA) samples from northern China were systematically characterized by XRD, XRF, PSDA, MAS-NMR, SEM-EDS, and quantitative phase analysis. HAFA was found to contain high proportions of mullite (>47 wt%), corundum (>7 wt%), reactive alumina (3–10 wt%), and amorphous silica (20–30 wt%), whereas CFA was dominated by quartz and alkaline oxides. Five representative microstructures were identified, with sponge-like aggregates (mullite–amorphous silica eutectics) playing a crucial role as precursors for mullite crystallization. Based on these observations, three regulatory mechanisms were identified: (1) A/S (Al₂O₃/SiO₂) ratio control, (2) flux phase modulation, and (3) whisker-oriented strengthening. To validate these mechanisms, a CaO-assisted sintering strategy was developed. Moderate CaO addition promoted liquid-phase formation, facilitated interlaced mullite whisker growth, and improved ceramic densification and strength, while excessive CaO caused lateral whisker growth and structural defects. Optimized ceramics prepared with ∼4 wt% CaO at 1500 °C achieved a favorable balance of densification, microstructural integrity, and mechanical properties. This work establishes a comprehensive framework linking fly ash composition, microstructural evolution, and ceramic performance, offering fundamental insights and practical guidance for sustainable, high-value utilization of fly ash in mullite ceramics.
{"title":"Multiscale structural characterization and regulatory mechanisms of fly ash for mullite ceramic applications","authors":"Penglong Zhao , Shuhua Ma , Xiaohui Wang , Yongqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fly ash, a widespread by-product of coal combustion, is increasingly regarded as a promising raw material for mullite-based ceramics, particularly high-alumina fly ash (HAFA). In this study, three HAFA and two conventional fly ash (CFA) samples from northern China were systematically characterized by XRD, XRF, PSDA, MAS-NMR, SEM-EDS, and quantitative phase analysis. HAFA was found to contain high proportions of mullite (>47 wt%), corundum (>7 wt%), reactive alumina (3–10 wt%), and amorphous silica (20–30 wt%), whereas CFA was dominated by quartz and alkaline oxides. Five representative microstructures were identified, with sponge-like aggregates (mullite–amorphous silica eutectics) playing a crucial role as precursors for mullite crystallization. Based on these observations, three regulatory mechanisms were identified: (1) A/S (Al₂O₃/SiO₂) ratio control, (2) flux phase modulation, and (3) whisker-oriented strengthening. To validate these mechanisms, a CaO-assisted sintering strategy was developed. Moderate CaO addition promoted liquid-phase formation, facilitated interlaced mullite whisker growth, and improved ceramic densification and strength, while excessive CaO caused lateral whisker growth and structural defects. Optimized ceramics prepared with ∼4 wt% CaO at 1500 °C achieved a favorable balance of densification, microstructural integrity, and mechanical properties. This work establishes a comprehensive framework linking fly ash composition, microstructural evolution, and ceramic performance, offering fundamental insights and practical guidance for sustainable, high-value utilization of fly ash in mullite ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 113924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocatalytic technology has demonstrated broad application prospects in the field of formaldehyde degradation due to its environmentally friendly, green energy-saving characteristics and its ability to completely degrade pollutants. In this study, a series of visible light-driven N-TiO2/CuO/GO photocatalysts were successfully prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis method for the degradation of formaldehyde gas. Compared with TiO2, N-TiO2 and N-TiO2/CuO, the N-TiO2/CuO/GO composite materials exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. When the Cu/Ti molar ratio was optimized to 0.3, the N-TiO2/CuO/GO achieved a degradation efficiency of 74.0 % for formaldehyde under visible light, while the degradation efficiencies of TiO2, N-TiO2 and N-TiO2/CuO are only 1.5 %, 32.8 % and 42.7 %, respectively. Additionally, it was found that GO doping significantly improved the light absorption performance and carrier separation efficiency of the N-TiO2/CuO/GO, which is well corroborated by the UV–vis and PL results. Based on the detected •OH and •O2- reactive species and the measured band gap structure, the synergistic effect of the highly conductive GO network and a S-scheme heterojunction composed of N-TiO2 and CuO was proposed to explain the enhanced formaldehyde degradation. In addition, according to the results of the cycling experiments, the degradation efficiency decreased by no >8 % after five cycling tests, indicating that N-TiO2/CuO/GO has cyclic stable performance.
{"title":"Design of a S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst of N-TiO2/CuO/GO with enhanced visible-light activity for efficient formaldehyde degradation","authors":"Zhexi Shen , Jiayi Shi , Longlong Xiao , Boqu Yu , Xiaoxin Chen , Chaohong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic technology has demonstrated broad application prospects in the field of formaldehyde degradation due to its environmentally friendly, green energy-saving characteristics and its ability to completely degrade pollutants. In this study, a series of visible light-driven N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO/GO photocatalysts were successfully prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis method for the degradation of formaldehyde gas. Compared with TiO<sub>2</sub>, N-TiO<sub>2</sub> and N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO, the N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO/GO composite materials exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. When the Cu/Ti molar ratio was optimized to 0.3, the N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO/GO achieved a degradation efficiency of 74.0 % for formaldehyde under visible light, while the degradation efficiencies of TiO<sub>2</sub>, N-TiO<sub>2</sub> and N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO are only 1.5 %, 32.8 % and 42.7 %, respectively. Additionally, it was found that GO doping significantly improved the light absorption performance and carrier separation efficiency of the N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO/GO, which is well corroborated by the UV–vis and PL results. Based on the detected •OH and •O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> reactive species and the measured band gap structure, the synergistic effect of the highly conductive GO network and a S-scheme heterojunction composed of N-TiO<sub>2</sub> and CuO was proposed to explain the enhanced formaldehyde degradation. In addition, according to the results of the cycling experiments, the degradation efficiency decreased by no >8 % after five cycling tests, indicating that N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/CuO/GO has cyclic stable performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 113925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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