Patterns of kinetic energy conversion in a time-average upper ocean

IF 3.8 3区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103453
Carl Wunsch
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Abstract

Patterns of the spatial fluxes and conversion of oceanic kinetic energy are explored using a 26-year temporal average of a dynamically consistent ECCO state estimate. Because thermal-wind balance is found to be accurate over much of the ocean domain, and with correspondingly small Rossby numbers, a linear analysis is used. Despite the averaging the abyssal ocean average proves remarkably noisy, and thus the focus is on the upper ocean and using the surface layer to 50 m, and depths of 300, 2000, and 3000 m as representative. Surface patterns to 300 m are broadly consistent with what is expected from wind-forcing via Ekman layers. At 2000 m, north of the equator, the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water is dominated by interior flow, and not by the western boundary current used in some over-simplified descriptions. By 3000 m, fluxes are spatially intricate, and presumed to represent the effects of incompletely resolved topographic features. Deep western boundary currents are prominent in kinetic energy, with the surprising exception of the northern North Atlantic and have a complex structure. The complexity of the oceanic container (topography and lateral boundaries) controls much of the circulation when averaged over decades.
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来源期刊
Progress in Oceanography
Progress in Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
138
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Oceanography publishes the longer, more comprehensive papers that most oceanographers feel are necessary, on occasion, to do justice to their work. Contributions are generally either a review of an aspect of oceanography or a treatise on an expanding oceanographic subject. The articles cover the entire spectrum of disciplines within the science of oceanography. Occasionally volumes are devoted to collections of papers and conference proceedings of exceptional interest. Essential reading for all oceanographers.
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